干旱胁迫下土壤湿温度效应及对马铃薯产量的影响  

Effects of Drought Stress on Output of Potato and Moisture and Temperature of Soil

作　　者：周晓罡[1,2,3] 丁玉梅[1,2,3] 姚春馨[1,2,3] 董禄凤 孙茂林[1,2,3] 

机构地区：[1]云南省农业科学院生物技术与种质资源研究所,云南昆明650223 [2]云南省农业生物技术重点实验室,云南昆明650223 [3]农业部西南作物基因资源与种质创制重点实验室,云南昆明650223 [4]昆明市农业科学院粮食作物研究所,云南昆明650034

出　　处：《西南农业学报》2014年第3期1165-1169,共5页Southwest China Journal of Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：云南省"高层次人才引进工程"项目(2010C1120)

摘　　要：春播马铃薯出苗后,在全生长期土壤相对湿度处于23％～25％的干旱胁迫状态下,干旱处理的产量比正常供水减少71.3％,植株根重量平均减少49.6％,茎杆减少46.5％,叶片减少39.9％.在苗期根系和叶片的减产量最显著,苗期补水对根系和叶片的生长发育有重要促进.茎杆差异更大表现在开花期,主要是对植株的株高和茎杆的数量、粗细减量有较大影响.干旱导致了土壤低温,全生育期（133 d）,干旱处理的土壤积温仅为1572℃,比正常供水少1304℃,尤其在结薯膨大期土温仅6.7 ～11.9℃,可能有效的活动积温更少.推测土壤相对湿度减少1％,温度降低0.245℃.干旱和伴随产生低温的综合效应,造成马铃薯产量损失.干旱土壤日内湿度急剧变化,湿度差最大可以达到37％,这种急剧湿差加剧了土壤和植株的蒸腾作用.The moisture of soil was controlled at RH23 %-25 % in whole plant growth period of spring sowing potato.Compared with normal moisture （CK,RH50 %-75 %）,the tuber yield under drought stress was decreased by 71.3 %,and the root biomass was decreased by 49.6 %,and the stem was decreased by 46.5 %,and leaf were decreased by 39.9 %.The decrease of root and leaf biomass was remarkable in the young plant growth period.The influence of the plant height,numbers and diameter of stem were more remarkable in the bloom growth period.The drought of soil results in the low soil temperature.The cumulative temperature of drought soil had 1572 ℃,compared with CK in the whole planting period （133 d） which decreased by 1304 ℃,also those cumulative temperature contain unactive temperature,such as soil temperature was only 6.7-11.9 ℃ in the inflate growth period of tuber.The temperature would be cut down 0.245 ℃ if the soil humidity was decreased by 1%.The output loss of potato was caused by the synthesize effect from drought and following low temperature.The humidity of drought soil could be decreased by 37 % within a day.The transpiration influence of soil would result in the loss of plant moisture.

关 键 词：干旱 马铃薯 土壤 湿度 温度 

分 类 号：S53[农业科学—作物学] S15