黄河中游流域环境要素对水沙变异的影响  

Impact of environmental factors on runoff and sediment variations in middle reaches of the Yellow River

作　　者：陈浩[1] 周金星[2] 陆中臣[3] 陈金荣[4] 

机构地区：[1]中国科学院地理科学与资源研究所,北京100101 [2]中国林业科学研究院林业科学研究所,北京100091 [3]中国科学院生态环境研究中心,北京100085 [4]中国水利水电科学研究院泥沙所,北京100044

出　　处：《地理研究》2002年第2期179-187,共9页Geographical Research

基　　金：国家重点基础研究发展规划项目 (G19990 436 0 4) ;地理所知识创新工程领域前沿项目 (CX10G A0 0 0 5 0 2 ) ;国家自然科学基金委;水利部联合资助重大基金 (5 9890 2 0 0 )

摘　　要：目前 ,黄河中游地区流域的水沙变化主要以水文法和水保法研究为主。由于黄河中游具有明显的自然地带性分布特征 ,流域系统的水沙过程受到环境要素的综合影响。本文根据黄河中游河口镇至龙门区间已控一级支流的测站资料 ,采用地理环境要素法分析水沙变异及成因。研究表明 ,河龙区间流域径流量和输沙量与地理环境因子的影响密切相关。 2 0世纪 70年代以来 ,降雨减水减沙作用不断减小 ,随着水土保持措施的提高 ,人类活动减水减沙所占比重不断增大。 70年代与 80年代气候波动和人类活动影响的平均减水减沙作用分别为5 3 4 %、 2 8 6 %和 4 6 6 %、 71 4 %。In the last decades, especially since the 1980s, variations in runoff and sediment yield have occurred to the trunk stream and the tributaries of the Yellow River. As a consequence of drastic decline of runoff volume and sediment load, downstream channel shrinkage and dried up as well as disasters induced by a minor flooding event happened. In order to understand these new problems and new situations, a great deal of research work and investigations on impacts of climate and human activities on variations of runoff and sediment yield as well as variation characteristics and causes of changes were carried out in China. At present, runoff and sediment change investigations are mainly focused on studies of hydrologic method and water conservation method in the middle reaches of the Yellow River. Since the middle reaches of the river have distinct natural zonal distribution characteristics, both runoff and sediment processes in the drainage system are synthetically affected by environmental factors. Based on observational data of the controlled primary tributary from Hekou to Longmen at midstream section, this paper analyses the variations and causes of runoff and sediment load by using method of geographic environmental factors. The results indicate that runoff volume and sediment load in the Hekouzhen Longmen section of the drainage basin are closely related to the impact of geographic environmental factors. Runoff and sediment variations are a product of synthetic action of natural environmental factors and human activities. In the 1970s, runoff and sediment reduction is mainly affected by decrease of precipitation as control and management practices then are inadequate. In the 1980s, impact of human activities plays a leading role in reducing runoff and sediment load in the basin as control measures of reservoir and dam projects are effective in reducing water and silt load on the Loess Plateau. Since the 1970s, precipitation has played a less role in reducing runoff and sediment but human activities played an

关 键 词：黄河中游 流域系统 环境要素法 水沙变异 成因 水土保持 气候波动 人类活动 

分 类 号：P333.4[天文地球—水文科学]