河流沿线土地利用对策的研究  

Land-use strategy in riverine area

作　　者：彭镇华[1] 王 成[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国林业科学研究院林业研究所,北京100091

出　　处：《应用生态学报》2002年第4期481-485,共5页Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology

基　　金：国家科技部农业专项研究项目(98-11-10);国家自然科学基金资助项目(30060017;30170163).

摘　　要：河流沿线土地是与河流、湖泊的生态学过程紧密相连,直接受洪水影响的沿河(湖)土地带.本文以生态学原理为指导,结合中国森林生态网络工程体系建设理论,对河流沿线土地安全和土地利用的原则、指导思想、理论依据及对策等问题进行了深入探讨.河流沿线土地安全包括土地的生态效益安全、经济效益安全与社会效益安全3个方面,土地利用策略的原则是要确保三者的统一,找到三者的最佳结合部;土地利用的指导思想是要把治理与开发紧密结合起来,通过各种措施加强土地的安全建设,实行以增加林木比重为主的近自然的利用和管理对策;根据河流特征的地域分异来确定不同河流、不同河段的利用模式,并基于洪水干扰的风险等级和河流沿线土地的空间分异规律,认为在河流沿线的纵向上,分别上中下游不同河段实施人为干扰程度不同的管理对策;横向上按照土地分异性和洪水安全性,分别弹性利用带、脆弱利用带和稳定利用带3条不同土地带采取不同的利用对策.The land near river is one kind of land zone that is inseparably related to the ecological process of river and lake, and directly affected or endangered by flood. Combined with ecological principles and the theory of forest eco-network system in China, the landscape security, the principles and directional thoughts, the theoretical basis and strategy were comprehensively studied in this paper. The landscape security should include three aspects of ecological benefit security, economical benefit security, and social benefit security. The land-use principles should be to find the best uniting section and ensure integration of the three principles together. The directional thoughts should be to combine management and development together, strengthen the landscape security by various measures, and carry out the near natural land-use and managing strategy by increasing the proportion of forest. Different development models should be selected in different rivers and regions. According to the risk grades of flood disturbance and spatial differentiation of lands near river, the different managing strategy with different disturbance degree should be carried out in different reach in upstream, midstream, and downstream based on the spatial differentiation of river and lands nearby in longitudinal direction, while based on the spatial differentiation and security during flood in cross direction, the utilization strategy should be classified and aimed at fragile use zone, stable use zone, and elastic use zone, respectively.

关 键 词：森林生态网络体系 河流沿线 土地安全 洪水风险 土地利用对策 

分 类 号：F301.24[经济管理—产业经济] X171.4[环境科学与工程—环境科学]