包兰铁路沙坡头段人工植被区生境与植被变化研究  

Changes of Habitat and Vegetation in Man-made Vegetation Area of Shapotou Section Along Baotou-Lanzhou Railway

作　　者：于云江[1] 林庆功[2] 石庆辉 刘家琼[3] 

机构地区：[1]北京师范大学环境演变与自然灾害教育部重点试验室 [2]兰州铁路局中卫固沙林场,宁夏中卫751702 [3]中国科学院沙坡头沙漠试验研究站,甘肃兰州730000

出　　处：《生态学报》2002年第3期433-439,共7页Acta Ecologica Sinica

基　　金：中国科学院沙坡头沙漠实验研究站开放基金资助项目 ( 2 0 0 0 2 1 ) ;中华人民共和国铁道部科研资助项目 ;国家重点基础研究资助项目 ( 2 0 0 0 0 1 86 0 4 )

摘　　要：综合土壤、气候、植被等诸多因子 ,结合时间尺度上的环境变迁对植被的变化进行了研究。结果表明 ,( 1 )沙子水分随着人工植被建立时间延长而线性地减少 ,30 a后人工植被的水分得以稳定 ,对降水量增加的响应也变弱。 ( 2 )虽然人工植被盖度有所下降 ,但以油蒿为建群种的群落能够适应沙坡头环境的变化 ,不断的自我繁衍 ,保持可持续性。 ( 3)随着环境的变化 ,该地的生物多样性增加了 ;藻类、藓类以及浅根性植物和动物等的侵入 ,使简单的人工植被已演变到多层次的复杂的人工 +自然生态系统。该生态系统能够维持草原化荒漠条件下较高的盖度 ,有利于沙面形成结皮并向成土过程发育 ,从而可保持固沙系统较长时期的稳定。This paper studied on the changes of habitat and vegetation in the man\|made vegetation area of Shapotou section along Baotou\|Lanzhou railway and consequently analyzed the sustained capacity of the vegetation. By analysizing climatic data for four decades of years, changing trendency of precipitation and soil water content at Shapotou was indicated; the wind\|erosing (or wind\|cumulation) depth and patch bondage in “flowing part” were measured each month to learn about vegetation degradation. The resistant capacity of sandy crust against wind\|sand fluid was measured in the wind\|tunnel lab; all samples for vegetation coverage were by 10m×10m. the result showed,(1) Sand water contents linearly decline with ages of vegetation within less than 30 years.Thereafter, its response to precipitation weakens (2) As the artificial vegetation coverage declined, some species of vegetable stood the test of adversity environment and existed. For example,especially, Artemisia ordosia could adapt to the environmental change at Shapotou and it can self\|reproduce and, thereby form Artemisia ordosia community. As vegetation gets old, the shrub coverage decreases, and meanwhile grass coverage increases, thereby making the whole coverage sustainable. (3) With environmental change, the biological diversity increases. Encroachment of alga,moss,flat\|root vegetable and animals transforms the simple man\|made vegetation to the multi\|purpose,complicated man\|made and natural ecological system.This ecological system can maintain certain vegetation coverage in desert and grassland areas. it is favorable to form sand\|crust and soil and further keep controlling\|sand system sustainable.

关 键 词：包兰铁路 沙坡头段 生境 人工植被 稳定性 沙结皮 复合生态系统 干旱 荒漠植被 

分 类 号：X171[环境科学与工程—环境科学]