银狐气味对根田鼠行为的影响  

The Effects of Silver Fox Odor on Behaviours of Root Voles

作　　者：王振龙[1] 刘季科[2] 

机构地区：[1]曲阜师范大学生物学系,曲阜273165 [2]浙江大学生命科学学院,杭州310012

出　　处：《生态学报》2002年第4期554-558,共5页Acta Ecologica Sinica

基　　金：国家自然科学基金资助项目 ( 3870 34 5 )

摘　　要：在实验室条件下 ,主要测定银狐 ( Vulpesvulpes)的气味对根田鼠 ( Microtus oeconomus)社会行为和交配行为的作用格局。结果表明 ,根田鼠的交配行为模式属于 # 1 1模式即无限制、抽动、多次插入和多次射精 ,但有时射精前无多次插入 ;银狐对根田鼠的交配行为的频次具有极显著抑制作用 ( P<0 .0 0 1 ) ;银狐气味对根田鼠雌体攻击行为以及两性的自我修饰的频次和累积时间具有显著 ( P<0 .0 5 )的抑制作用 ,而可极显著提高雄体对雌体探究行为的累积时间 ( P<0 .0 1 )。Predation has long been implicated as a major selective force in the evolution of several morphological and behavioural characteristics of animals.This study aims to determine experimentally how indirect cues of predator affect the copulatory behaviour and social behaviour of root voles,Microtus oeconomus.We predict that changed mating behaviour presented with silver fox,Vulpes oulpes predation risk occur in root voles.Further,we discuss the possible ultimate and proximate cause behind it.We carried out the study at Northwest Plateau Institute of Biology,Chinese Academy of Science,during April～May 1997.We caught voles and Silver fox for experiment in the site of Haibei Alphine Meadow Ecosystem Research Station of Chinese Academy of Science which located northwest Qinghai-Tibet Plateau with 37°29′~37°45′N,101°12′~101°23′E. The animals were housed in clear plastic cages(29cm×19cm×13cm) and maintained in a 12∶12h light/dark photoperiod and in 20±1℃ temperature.We carried out experiments in two main arenas situated indoors.The arenas were made of Plexiglas,each one was measured 40cm×40cm×40cm.The study consisted of 34(17 experimental and 17 control) experiments with female-male pairs of voles.We examined copulatory behaviour and social behaviour (the frequency and amount of food eaten in grams) during the study.Then we transferred the voles pairs to breeding cages where the breeding experiments continued.We offered water,Purina rabbit chow,and carrot to the voles adlibitum throughout the experiment.We sprayed the sawdust in the experimental arenas with predator odor daily during the study.The odor was a filtered dilution of urine and feces of silver fox.There are four male silver foxes used in this study.We sprayed the control arenas daily with distilled water.We observed the pairs in behaviour arenas to study the effects of silver fox odor on the behavior of voles.Each behavior observation lasted for 40 minute.We recorded the following activates (as in Esa and Ylonen,1995):general activate,am

关 键 词：银狐 气味 根口鼠 行为 捕食风险 社会行为 交配行为 

分 类 号：Q143[生物学—生态学]