水环境毒物污染点源的生态风险管理现状与展望  

Advances in the ecological risk management of pollution point sources of toxicants in aquatic environment.

作　　者：尚惠华[1] 金洪钧[2] 崔玉霞[2] 

机构地区：[1]香港城市大学海岸污染与保护研究中心 [2]南京大学环境科学研究所,南京210093

出　　处：《应用生态学报》2002年第5期620-624,共5页Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology

基　　金：江苏省环保科技项目 (2 0 0 1 40 7);江苏省自然科学基金资助项目 (970 4)

摘　　要：评述了发达国家和我国在这一领域的进展和前景 .目前国内外常用的基于水质标准 /废水排放标准的特征化学污染物法 ,并不能有效控制组份复杂的废水中的有机毒物排放 .因此 ,仅应用这一传统方法对水环境有机毒物污染点源难以实现有效的生态风险管理 .同时采用全废水的生态毒性法就可弥补这一缺陷 ,根据生态风险管理要求可有效控制组份复杂的废水中有毒有机污染物的排放 .鉴别出导致废水生态毒性的关键有机毒物的毒性鉴别评价 ,是毒物污染点源的生态风险管理核心 .Progress in this field in developed countries and China was reviewed and the prospects were also presented in this paper. Based on the water quality standards and discharge standards,the chemical specific approach in common use could not effectively control complex discharges containing toxic organics. Therefore, applying this traditional approach only was not a valuable measure. Toxicity based approach could be used at the same time to supply the gap for the control of complex discharges containing toxic organics effectively based on the requirements of ecological risk management. Toxicity identification evaluation (TIE) for identifying the key toxicants causing the effluent ecotoxicity was a core of the ecological risk management of point sources of toxics. The prospects were also described for the development of TIE methodology and the application of toxicity based approach to the ecological risk management of point sources of toxicants in aquatic environment in China.

关 键 词：水环境 毒物污染点源 生态风险管理 现状 毒性削减 毒性鉴别评价 

分 类 号：X171.5[环境科学与工程—环境科学]