阜康绿洲土壤盐渍化与植物群落多样性的相关性分析  

CORRELATION BETWEEN SOIL SALTILISATION AND COMMUNITY DIVERSITY: THE CASE OF FUKANG OASIS

作　　者：顾峰雪[1] 张远东[1] 潘晓玲[1] 初雨[1] 张林静[2] 

机构地区：[1]新疆大学资源与环境科学学院,乌鲁木齐830046 [2]西北大学秦岭生物多样性研究中心,西安710069

出　　处：《资源科学》2002年第3期42-48,共7页Resources Science

基　　金：<国家重点基础研究发展规划>项目 :中国西部干旱区生态环境演变与调控研究 (G19990 435 0 3)经费资助

摘　　要：该文以电导、易溶性盐含量、pH作为盐渍化程度的指标 ,将阜康绿洲的土壤盐渍化程度划分为 9种类型 ,其中以强盐渍土和盐土为主 ,在纬度梯度上从南至北 ,即从洪积扇下部到沙漠按照中盐渍土—强盐渍土—盐土—强盐渍土—盐土—非盐渍土的顺序依次分布。以群落的优势种类型、灌木盖度、灌木多度、多样性等指数作为阜康绿洲荒漠植物群落的多样性指标 ,根据中国植被分类原则和系统将阜康荒漠植物群落划分为 9种类型 ,以囊果碱蓬群落—琵琶柴群落—柽柳群落或盐柴类的半灌木群落—琵琶柴群落—柽柳群落或盐柴类的半灌木群落—梭梭群落的顺序依次分布。琵琶柴群落为阜康荒漠的地带性植被 ,分布广泛 ,各种植物群落在空间上交错分布。通过相关性分析 ,结果表明 :在阜康荒漠植物群落的多度、盖度和多样性与盐渍化程度无显著相关 ,盐渍化程度的变化主要影响到植物群落组成的变化、群落类型的空间分布和演替 。By employing indicators as soil PH, conductance and salt content, different soil salinity degrees are plotted out. There are 9 types of salinisation levels in Fukang oasis. Within them, the strong saline soil and solonchak are the main types, which, with regards to latitude and from the lower of diluvial fan to desert, distribute in turn as middle saline soil, strong saline soil, solonchak, strong saline soil, solonchak and non-saline distribute. Concerning indicators as the type of dominant species, shrub coverage, abundance and diversity induces, as well as the principles and systems of China's vegetation class, this article classified the Fukang vegetation into 9 types. These communities in latitude sequence are: \%Sudeda physophora\% communities, \%Reaumuria soongorica\% communities, \%Tamarix ramosisma\% communities and halophyte communities, \%Reaumuria soongorica\% communities and \%Haloxylon ammodendron\% communities in turn. \%Reaumuria soongorica\% is the widely distributed zonal vegetation in Fukang, interlacing with other communities. The correlation analysis shows that relationships between the degree of soil salinity and plant community coverage, abundance, and all diversity indices are not significant. The changes of soil salinity have significant influence on the components of plant communities, especially the dominant species and constructive species, as well as on the distribution of different communities and succession.

关 键 词：阜康绿洲 土壤盐渍化 植物群落 相关分析 阜康绿洲 多样性 

分 类 号：X144[环境科学与工程—环境科学]