西方医院发展简史  

A brief history of hospital development in the West

作　　者：方崇亮[1] 刘丕岩[1] 姜桂英[1] 

机构地区：[1]大连医科大学附属二院,辽宁116023

出　　处：《中华医史杂志》2002年第2期102-107,共6页Chinese Journal of Medical History

摘　　要：西方医院的起源与发展与宗教关系甚为密切 ,战争也对其产生过重要影响。中世纪以前的医院主要以庙宇形式存在 ,古罗马的战争使最早的军医院诞生。中世纪主要是修道院医院的天下 ,十字军东征促进了沿途医院的发展。中世纪以后 ,新教兴起 ,修道院医院受到冲击 ,世俗医院得到发展。 1 6世纪起 ,欧洲医院逐渐传入北美。 1 8、1 9世纪以后 ,医院的功能渐趋完善。进入 2 0世纪 ,医院的技术建设基本成熟 ,医院管理问题渐渐突出并得到重视。Origin and development of hospital in the West was related closely with religions and wars. Before the Medieval Ages, priests or physicians treated their patients mainly in temples, which may be regarded as the earliest type of hospital. The military hospital first appeared in the ancient Rome due to war. During the Medieval Ages, most hospitals were attached to monasteries. The Crusades prompted the development of hospitals and hospices along the route taken by the Crusaders. After the Medieval Ages, as the Protestantism rose, the monastic hospitals suffered a major setback and secular hospitals developed. From the 16th century, hospitals of Europe were spread gradually into North America. During the 18th and 19th centuries, function of hospital in medical treatment, education and research was strengthened gradually. In the 20th century, hospital facilities were matured technically and management of hospital became an important problem to which people devoted themselves to resolve it.

关 键 词：西方医院 中世纪 16世纪-19世纪 20世纪 医院 历史 

分 类 号：R-09[医药卫生]