北京市顺义县50岁及以上人群中青光眼患病率和正常眼眼压的调查  

Prevalence of glaucoma and normal intraocular pressure among adults aged 50 years or above in Shunyi county of Beijing

作　　者：赵家良[1] 睢瑞芳[1] 贾丽君[1] LeonB Ellwei 降丽娟 张承训[4] 孙国强[4] 张红[5] 宋学峰 毛进[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国医学科学院眼科研究中心中国协和医科大学北京协和医院眼科,100730 [2]美国国家眼科研究所 [3]北京市顺义县医院眼科 [4]中国医学科学院中国协和医科大学统计教研室 [5]中国中医研究院眼科医院

出　　处：《中华眼科杂志》2002年第6期335-339,共5页Chinese Journal of Ophthalmology

基　　金：国际狮子基金会;世界卫生组织和美国国家眼科研究所基金资助项目 (N0 1 EY 2 10 3 )

摘　　要：目的　调查北京市顺义县≥ 5 0岁人群中青光眼的患病率和正常眼的眼压。方法　 1996年 9～ 11月 ,采用整群随机抽样法在顺义县调查了 5 5 5 5人 ,除进行视力和一般眼部检查外 ,还进行了有关青光眼的检查 ,如询问青光眼家族史和发作史 ,测量前房深度和眼压 ,眼底检查时观察视乳头有无青光眼性改变。结果　 4 880人完成了有关青光眼的检查 ,受检率为 87 85 %。青光眼的患病率为2 0 7% ,其中原发性闭角型青光眼患病率为 1 6 6 % ,原发性开角型青光眼患病率为 0 2 9% ,继发性青光眼患病率为 0 12 %。各种类型的青光眼患病率均随年龄增长而增加。 6 4 0 0 %的青光眼患者视功能有一定程度或严重损伤。双眼盲比例为 16 0 0 % ,均为≥ 6 0岁的患者。单眼盲、双眼低视力和单眼低视力的比例分别为 17 0 0 %、2 3 0 0 %和 8 0 0 %。正常眼的眼压均值为 (13 5 3± 2 2 0 )mmHg(1mmHg =0 133kPa) ,随着年龄增长 ,眼压有下降趋势。结论　就青光眼的患病率和青光眼患者的视功能而言 ,青光眼是严重的致盲眼病。≥ 5 0岁人群中 ,正常眼的眼压均值比预想值低。在这些人群中筛查青光眼时 ,应将正常眼压上限值降低至 18mmHg。Objective To estimate the prevalence of glaucoma and normal intraocular pressure among older adults aged 50 years or above in Shunyi county of Beijing. Methods Cluster sampling was used in randomly selecting 5 555 individuals aged 50 years or above in Shunyi county in fall, 1996. The examines received the visual acuity and general eye examination, and in the mean time attention was paid to rule out glaucoma, including inquiry of family and personal history of glaucoma, measurement of anterior chamber depth and intraocular pressure, examination of the optic disc. Results The examinations about glaucoma were finished in 4 880 individuals. The response rate was 87.85%. In this population, the prevalence of glaucoma was 2 07%. The prevalence of the primary angle closure glaucoma, primary open angle glaucoma and secondary glaucoma was 1.66%, 0.29% and 0.12% respectively. The prevalence of the variety of glaucoma was increasing by aging. The visual function in 64.00% of glaucoma patients was damaged in certain degree. The rate of the bilateral blindness among glaucoma patients was 16.00%. These patients were all 60 years old or above. The rates of unilateral blindness, bilateral low vision and unilateral low vision were 17.00%, 23.00% and 8.00%, respectively. The mean and standard deviation of the intraocular pressure among the normal eyes were (13 53±2 20) mm Hg (1 mm Hg =0.133 kPa). The tendency of the mean normal intraocular pressure is decreasing by aging. Conclusions Glaucoma is a serious eye disease leading to blindness according to the prevalence and thevisual function of the glaucoma patients. The mean intraocular pressure among the normal eyes is lower than the expected value. The lower value (18 mm Hg) of the upper limited normal intraocular pressure should be used in screening glaucoma patients among the older adults.

关 键 词：北京 顺义县 青光眼 患病率 眼内压 中年人 流行病学 

分 类 号：R775[医药卫生—眼科]