兵器行业三硝基甲苯作业工人恶性肿瘤的回顾性调查研究  

The retrospective survey of malignant tumor in weapon workers exposed to2,4,6-trini tro toluene

作　　者：严川信 王延琦 夏宝清 李连俊 张延巍 刘亚杰 

机构地区：[1]兵器工业卫生研究所第三研究室,西安710065

出　　处：《中华劳动卫生职业病杂志》2002年第3期184-188,共5页Chinese Journal of Industrial Hygiene and Occupational Diseases

基　　金：国家自然基金资助项目(WS9504)

摘　　要：目的了解兵器行业三硝基甲苯(TNT)作业人员恶性肿瘤的发病情况,为修订慢性TNT中毒诊断标准、制定TNT作业防护管理措施提供依据。方法对兵器行业8个工厂1970～1995年期间从事TNT作业1年以上的男工恶性肿瘤发病情况进行回顾性队列调查研究。结果接触组全恶性肿瘤发病率明显高于对照组,相对危险度(RR)为2.32。用全国大中城市1973～1975年和1990～1992年男性居民全恶性肿瘤死亡专率作标准计算标化死亡比(SMR)分别为71.8和179.6,99%CI为71.8～144.2,差异有显著性(P<0.01),表明TNT作业者全恶性肿瘤死亡率明显高于一般人群。肝癌发病率占全恶性肿瘤发病率的31.92%,死亡率为对照组的3.97倍。用全国大中城市1973～1975年和1990～1992年男性居民肝癌死亡率为标准计算,SMR分别为150.5和381.6,99%CI为59.3～184.0,差异有显著性(P<0.01),平均死亡年龄(51.7岁)比对照组(54.1岁)提前2.4岁,比全国大中城市居民(55.6岁)提前3.9岁。肝癌发病与工龄、工种以及接触TNT程度关系密切;饮酒有协同致癌作用。结论TNT作业男工全恶性肿瘤发病率和死亡率明显高于一般人群,肝癌居首位,其发病与工龄、工种、接触TNT程度关系密切。Objective To investigate the occupational health risk level of workers exposed to2,4,6-trini-trotoluene(TNT)in arms industry,so as to provide basis for revising the standard of diagnosis for chronic TNT poi-soning,and making protective measures for workers.Methods The retrospective study about the morbidity of to-tal malignant tumor was taken on the male workers exposed to TNT over one year from eight military factories during1970to1995.Results The morbidity of total malignant tumor in male TNT exposed workers were markedly higher than that of controls,and the relative risk(RR)was2.32.Compared with the total malignant tumor mortality of male populations in large and medium cities in1973to1975and1990to1992,the standardized mor-tality ratio(SMR)were71.8and179.6respectively,the CI of99%was71.8～144.2,indicating that the morbidi-ty of maligant tumor of male workers exposed to TNT was higher than that of normal populations.Liver cancer morbidity was31.91%of the total malignant tumor,and its mortality was3.97times of the controls.Compared with the liver cancer mortality of male populations in large and medium cities in1973to1975and1990to1992,SMR were150.5and381.6respectively,these data were significantly different ,and CI of99%was59.3～184.0.The av-erage death age of the TNT exposed workers(51.7years old)was younger than that of the same factory control(54.1years old)and male populations(55.6years old)in large and medium cities.The incidence of liver cancer was closely related to the length of service,the kinds of job in a factory and the level exposed to TNT,and alcohol consumption was synergistic with TNT carcinogenesis.Con clusion The morbidity of maligant tumor of male workers exposed to TNT was markedly higher than that of normal populations.Liver cancer was the most remarkable malignancy,and its incidence was closely related to the length of service and the kinds of job and the level exposed to TNT.[

关 键 词：兵器行业 三硝基甲苯 作业工人 恶性肿瘤 回顾性调查研究 三硝基甲苯 队列调查 相对危险度 标化死亡比 

分 类 号：R73-31[医药卫生—肿瘤]