厦门地区城市与农村儿童近距离用眼与近视的关系  

Near-work activity and myopia in urban and rural schoolchildren in Xiamen of China

作　　者：张铭志[1] 傅智伏[1] 洪荣照[1] 潘美华[1] 曾惠阳[1] 叶梅[1] 杨晖[1] 赵虹[1] 

机构地区：[1]厦门眼科中心厦门眼科研究所,福建厦门361001

出　　处：《眼视光学杂志》2002年第2期99-102,共4页Chinese Journal of Optometry & Ophthalmology

基　　金：新加坡政府及厦门开元区科委资助项目

摘　　要：目的 :调查中国厦门城市与农村 8～ 9岁儿童近视的患病情况 ,并以此评估环境因素对近视患病率的影响。方法 :对中国厦门城市 (n =119)和农村 (n =91)的小学二年级学生进行散瞳电脑验光和眼生物参数测量 ,并采用同一标准的调查表进行面对面地问卷调查 ,内容包括社会经济地位、近距离用眼活动情况、读写习惯、近视眼家族史等。结果 :近视的发病率在城市为 19.3% [95 %可信区间confidenceinterval(CI) :12 .3,2 9],在农村是 6 .6 % (95 %CI:2 .4 ,14 .3)。城市在校学生每天课外读写平均时间是 2 .2h ,农村学生的收稿日期 :2 0 0 2 -0 3 -14 ;修回日期 :2 0 0 2 -0 5 -0 8基金项目 :新加坡政府及厦门开元区科委资助项目。作者简介 :张铭志 (195 7-) ,女 ,山东费县人 ,医学硕士 ,副主任医师。研究方向 :白内障、青光眼、近视。通信作者 :张铭志 (E -mail:fu- zhifu @hotmail.com)。时间是 1.6h(P <0 .0 0 1) ,所得结果经近视眼家族史因素校正后 ,总体读写时间比值比为 2 .2 (95 %CL :1.1,4 )。结论 :近视眼发病率 ,城市高于农村。城市儿童的课外读书时间比农村儿童长 ,城市和农村的近视儿童在读书上花费的时间明显高于非近视儿童。近距离用眼的增多可能导致了近视眼的发生 。Objective:To investigate the prevalence of myopia in rural and urban schoolchildren in Xiamen,China,and to assess the impact of environmental factors on rates of myopia.Methods:119 urban and 91 rural students 8 to 9 years of age participated in the study. Cycloplegic autorefraction and A scan ultrasound were used to obtain refractive errors and biometric data. Detailed information about socioeconomic status,near work activity,reading and writing habits,and family histories of myopia was obtained in face to face interviews using a standard questionnaire.Results:The prevalence of myopia was 19.3%[95% confidence interval(CI):12.3,29] for those who lived in the city and 6.6%(95% CI:2.4,14.3) for those who lived in the countryside. The total time spent on near work activity was 2.5 hours in urban schools compared to 2.1 hours in rural schools(P<0.0001). The amount of time spent in outdoor activity was 5.6 hours per week compared to 15 hours per week(P<0.0001). The average number of hours per day spent reading and writing in Chinese was 2.3 hours for myopic children compared to 1.9 hours for nonmyopic children(P=0.0041). In both schools,the odds ratio for total reading and writing,adjusted for parental history of myopia,was 2.2(95% CI:1.1,4).Conclusion:These data suggest the prevalence of myopia is higher in urban areas compared to rural areas. Schoolchildren in the city spend more time reading and writing outside of school compared to children in the countryside and this could explain the difference in rates. Both urban and rural myopic children spent more time reading and writing compared to nonmyopic children. This increased near work activity may contribute to the prevalence of myopia.

关 键 词：儿童 近距离用眼 近视 厦门市 流行病学 

分 类 号：R779.7[医药卫生—眼科]