西北地区生态环境现状和演化规律研究  

ANALYSIS ON THE PRESENT SITUATION AND EVOLUTION OF THE ECOLOGICAL ENVIRONMENT IN NORTHWEST CHINA

作　　者：唐克旺[1] 王研[1] 王芳[1] 陈子丹[2] 

机构地区：[1]中国水利水电科学研究院水资源研究所,北京100044 [2]中华人民共和国水利部遥感应用研究中心,北京100044

出　　处：《干旱区地理》2002年第2期132-138,共7页Arid Land Geography

基　　金：国家"九五"科技攻关专题<西北地区水资源承载能力和可持续利用>中子专题<西北地区生态环境保护研究>(96-912 -0 1-0 4-0 3 )的部分成果

摘　　要：利用 2 0世纪 70年代和 90年代两个时段西北内陆地区的土地利用资料和遥感信息 ,对西北内陆地区的生态环境景观的 2 0年的变化趋势进行了评价。通过评价 ,定量分析了西北内陆地区生态环境的总体变化趋势 ,研究了人工绿洲和天然绿洲的平衡比例关系以及与生态环境总体稳定的内在关系。这项研究对研究和确定生态环境保护合理阈值 ,维持绿洲稳定 ,保障当地社会经济的长远发展具有重要意义。The ecosystems in the inland watersheds in arid and semiarid areas are consisted of the artificial oases, natural oases, ecotones between the oases and deserts, and deserts surrounding the oases. In northwest China it is arid, the ecological environment is vulnerable, the area of the oases is small, the sand deserts, Gobi deserts, and saline or alkaline land are distributed extensively. The social and economic development is mainly limited in the oases. In fact, the sustainable development in northwest China is the long term development of the oases, and the protection of the ecological environment is that of the oases. In the recent decades, however, the artificial oases are rapidly expanded but the natural ones shrunk with the rapid social and economic development in these watersheds. In order to maintain the stability of the oases and achieve a sustainable development, a balance between the artificial and the natural oases should be kept. Based on the remote sensing information of the 1970's and 1990's and a lot of ground investigation data and by using GIS spatial analysis, in this paper the general situation of the ecological environment in the inland watersheds in northwest China is assessed, and the evolution and main forced factors of the ecology are analyzed. The results show that some watersheds have been excessively developed and the desertification has been sped up since recent 20 years. It is considered that the area of the natural oases should be maintained for one third of the total area of the oases so as to ensure their general stability. In the construction of the ecological environment in future, it is suggested to regard the protection of the natural oases and the natural vegetation as the key, increase the dynamics in the exploitation, utilization and management of water resources while withdrawing from farming to planting trees and grasses and controlling excessive grazing, and restore and maintain the ecological groundwater level so as to provide the sufficient moisture conditions for the

关 键 词：西北地区 生态环境 演化规律 土地利用资料 遥感信息 绿洲 

分 类 号：X171.1[环境科学与工程—环境科学]