有关节肢动物系统发育若干问题的研究进展  

THE PROGRESS IN THE STUDY OF PHYLOGENY OF ARTHROPODA

作　　者：谢强[1] 卜文俊[1] 李新正[2] 郑乐怡[1] 

机构地区：[1]南开大学生命科学学院,天津300071 [2]中国科学院海洋研究所,青岛266071

出　　处：《动物分类学报》2002年第3期417-427,共11页Acta Zootaxonomica Sinica

基　　金：国家基础科学人才培养基金特殊学科点 (昆虫分类学 )人才培养资助项目 (编号国科金发计字第 10 8号 )

摘　　要：近年来对节肢动物系统发育问题的认识有了相当大的变化 ,尤其是支序分析研究方法的使用 ,以及来自分子系统学和分子发育生物学的证据 ,成为继比较形态学之后有力的研究手段。近年来的研究显示线虫、缓步类和有爪类是节肢动物的近缘类群 ,而非以前绝大多数学者所认为的软体动物和环节动物。对于节肢动物门的单系性及其内部类群间关系的问题 ,目前倾向于认为(1)节肢动物为单系群 ;(2 )由甲壳类、六足类和多足类联合形成单系群———具颚类 ;(3)与六足类最为近缘的类群是甲壳类 ,而非多足类。其中 ,对第 1点的争议不大 ;第 2点认识得到了形态学和分子系统学两方面研究的支持 ;对第 3点的争议虽较大 ,但就论据而言确为优势观点。More and more domestic scholars pay attention to the phylogeny of arthropods recently. This paper focuses on three issues: the relationships between Arthropoda and its kin phyla, the monophyly of Arthropoda, and the relationships among the groups within Arthropoda, with emphasis on the relationships between Hexapoda, Crustacea, and Myriapoda. Many recent studies showed that Tardigrada, Nematoda and Onychophora are the three closest groups of Arthropoda in systematics, rather than Annelida and Mollusca, which were traditionally considered. Other than that, this progress will make some impact on the relationships between the main groups of Arthropoda due to the use of different outgroups in phylogenetic research. Both the problems of the monophyly of Arthropoda and the relationships between the groups within Arthropoda have been debated for many years. Now the dominant views are that (1)Arthropoda is a monophyletic group; (2)Mandibulata, composed of Crustacea, Hexapoda and Myriapoda, is a good monophyletic group, and (3)Crustacea, not Myriapoda, is the closest kin of Hexapoda. Besides these three major issues, the position of Onychophora in the invertebrates and the monophyly of Crustacea and Myriapoda, are also discussed in this paper.Table 1 The progress in the study of the molecular systematics of Arthropoda from 1998 till now [BHDFG3,WK10ZQ,WK9ZQ,WKZQW]author and yearmolecule marksThe phylogeny hypothesis among the main ingroups of ArthropodaGiribet et al.(1998, 1999)18SrDNA(((Hex+Cru)+Myr)+Man)Shultz & Regier (2000)EF-1α & Pol Ⅱ gene (((Hex+Cru)+Myr)+Man)or(((Hex+Cru)+Man)+Myr)Regier & Shultz (2001)EF-2 gene(((Hex+Cru)+Man)+Myr)Friedrich & Tautz (1995, 2001)18S & 28S rDNA((Hex+Cru)+(Myr+Man))Giribet et al.(2001)18S rDNA et al. 8 loci altogether(((Hex+Cru)+Myr)+Man) Note: Hex stands for Hexpoda, Cru for Crustacea, Myr for Myriapoda and Man for Mandibulata.

关 键 词：节肢动物 系统发育 问题 研究进展 六足总纲 甲壳纲 多足总纲 

分 类 号：Q959.22[生物学—动物学]