小叶藤黄(Garcinia cowa)种子传播、种子被捕食及幼苗空间分布  

SEED DISPERSAL, SEED PREDATION, AND SEEDLING SPATIAL PATTERN OF GARCINIA COWA (GUTTIFERAE)

作　　者：刘勇[1] 陈进[1] 白智林[1] 邓晓保[1] 张玲 

机构地区：[1]中国科学院西双版纳热带植物园,云南勐腊666303

出　　处：《植物生态学报》2002年第4期427-434,共8页Chinese Journal of Plant Ecology

基　　金：中国科学院特别支持项目 (STZ_98_1_0 8);中国科学院知识创新工程重要方向项目 (KSCX2_SW_10 5 )

摘　　要：1999年 8月至 2 0 0 1年 2月 ,对热带雨林树种小叶藤黄 (Garciniacowa)种子的初级传播、二次传播、种子被取食及幼苗空间分布进行了研究。结果表明 :林上拜访动物主要有猕猴 (Macacamulatta)、花面狸 (Pagumalarvata)、赤腹松鼠 (Callosciuruserythraeus)、蓝腹松鼠 (C .pygertthrus)、小花鼠 (Tamiopsmacclellandi)等 5种。有 86 .5 %± 4.9%(1999年 )和 91.4%± 8.2 % (2 0 0 0年 )的成熟果实被林上动物所取食 ,使得 36 .0 %± 15 .0 % (1999年 )和 2 2 .8%± 10 .4% (2 0 0 0年 )的种子被林上动物转移 ,猕猴可能对种子的远距离传播起着重要作用。中华姬鼠 (Apodemysdracoorestes)对落到地面的种子进行分散埋藏 ,平均转移距离为 3.6± 2 .9m ,埋藏深度为 0 .82± 0 .5 8cm。地面和埋藏种子还受到材小蠹 (Xyleborussp .)的危害 ,离母树 10m以内的埋藏种子受危害程度明显高于 15m及其以外的种子。幼苗距母树 5～ 7m处分布最多 ,Morisita指数Iδ=1.34,呈弱聚集分布。幼苗分布格局受种子雨、中华姬鼠转移及材小蠹危害等综合影响。小叶藤黄可能形成了以果肉吸引猕猴类动物及以种子来吸引鼠类动物搬运两种策略来实现种子的传播。Seed dispersal is a multi_step process, which may include fruit removal, seed dissemination, postdispersal seed predation, potential secondary dispersal, seed germination, and seedling establishment. Previous studies often focused on only one or a few of these stages. In this study, we demonstrate the complexity of the seed dispersal process of Garcinia cowa, a common climax undercanopy tree in seasonal rain forests of SW China. We attempted to answer the following questions: (1) who were the primary dispersers, secondary dispersers, and seed predators of Garcinia cowa? (2) to what extent do frugivores influence the spatial pattern of seedlings compared to predators? The study was conducted during August 1999 to February 2001 in Nan_gong Mountain, the buffer area of the Mengla National Nature Reserve (101°20′_101°37′ E,21°15′_21°25′ N, total area 93000 hm 2), Yunnan province of China. 1) Field investment of G. cowa fruit's visitors: A daily continual observation (7:00 19:30) with binoculars was conducted in fruiting season at a distance of about 20 50 m away from the adult tree. Nine day observations were obtained for both 1999 and 2000. For nocturnal frugivores, crumbs and feces left by the visitors were identified, and other relevant evidence was used, developed from the fourth author's (X. B. Deng) field experiences. The identification of ground predators was based on captured specimens. Behavioral observations of monkey feeding on fruits was based on two captive monkey individuals. We supplied fruits to the monkeys (10 fruits per every second day, with a total of five replicates), recorded the feeding behavior, collected the uneaten seeds after 8 h, and collected the feces after 24 h and 48 h. 2) Removal of fruits by arboreal frugivores: Three crisscross seed traps (1 m by 1 m and slightly longer than the crowns of the trees), were placed under maternal trees, with the maternal tree located at the center of the trap. Fruits and crumbs that fell in the seed traps were collected ever

关 键 词：小叶藤黄 种子传播 食果动物 种子被捕食 幼苗空间分布 

分 类 号：Q948[生物学—植物学]