考虑拒载的出租车市场平衡机制与优化模型  

Optimal Modeling and Equilibrium Mechanism of Taxi Market with Consideration of Service Refusal

作　　者：袁长伟[1] 吴群琪[1] 韦达利[2] 武大勇[2] 

机构地区：[1]长安大学经济与管理学院,陕西西安710064 [2]德克萨斯理工大学土木与环境工程系,德克萨斯卢伯克tx79409

出　　处：《中国公路学报》2014年第6期91-97,共7页China Journal of Highway and Transport

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(51278057);教育部高等学校博士学科点专项科研基金项目(20130205110001);陕西省自然科学基础研究计划项目(2012JQ5013);陕西省社会科学基金项目(12D247);西安市社会科学基金项目(14J177)

摘　　要：为分析拒载给出租车市场供需平衡带来的影响,构建了神经元S特性函数形式的出租车拒载函数,函数引入出租车市场规模、等候时间、价格等市场参数,讨论存在拒载行为的出租车市场供需平衡机制,并构建考虑拒载的以社会福利最大化为目标的出租车市场优化模型。研究结果表明:在有拒载时,最优价格基本保持不变,出租车规模则需要增加,社会总福利下降;模型应用于西安市出租车市场,当存在出租车拒载时,出租车平均等候时间由0.1h上升到0.65h,需求约下降1.3×104运次,同时在社会福利最大化目标下,出租车最优规模需由不存在拒载行为的8 426veh上升到10 839veh,最优价格基本不变,提出的模型能描述拒载行为对出租车市场带来的复杂影响。In order to analyze the influence of taxi service refusal on the equilibrium mechanism of taxi market, a sigmoid function of service refusal was developed to analyze the equilibrium mechanism among the service refusal and endogenous variables in the taxi market, such as fleet size, price, waiting time and so on. With consideration of service refusal, a taxi market optimal model to maximize social welfare was built. The results show that for service refusal, the optimal price will remain the same, but the fleet size will be increased and the social welfare will be decreased. When the model is applied in Xi＇an taxi market, the average waiting time will rise from 0. 1 h to 0.65 h if there is taxi refusal, the demand will decrease by 1.3×10^4 trips, and the optimal fleet size will increase from 8 426 vehicles to 10 839 vehicles with the optimal price remaining the same for the maximization of social welfare. The complex impact of the taxi service refusal on the equilibrium mechanism can be described by the proposed model.

关 键 词：交通工程 出租车市场平衡机制 神经元S特性函数 拒载 优化模型 社会福利最大化 

分 类 号：U491.17[交通运输工程—交通运输规划与管理]