改善学校厨房设备对贫困农村小学生在校就餐的影响  

Effects of improving school kitchen equipments on the pupils' school dining in poor rural areas

作　　者：张燕[1] 胡小琪[1] 潘慧[1] 杜松明[1] 徐春燕[1] 刘娜[2] 刘佳心 张倩[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国疾病预防控制中心营养与食品安全所,北京100050 [2]重庆医科大学公共卫生与管理学院

出　　处：《中国学校卫生》2014年第5期651-653,共3页Chinese Journal of School Health

摘　　要：目的评估改善厨房设备对贫困农村小学生在校就餐情况的影响,为制订学校供餐相关管理政策与措施提供基础。方法从云南、青海、吉林、安徽、湖南分别选取1所贫困农村小学为干预校,配备各种厨房设备,根据学校规模、经济水平,选择距干预校较近、没有进行厨房设备改善的学校作为对照校。在干预1 a后,随机抽取干预校382名和对照校376名三～六年级的学生进行问卷调查,了解学生三餐食物摄入情况、就餐感受与卫生状况等。结果干预校小学生反映在学校吃到新鲜蔬菜、肉、蛋类、豆制品和奶制品的比例高于对照校,学校供应主食和蔬菜的种类比较多（P值均〈0.05）。干预校学生反映三餐＂都能吃饱＂的比例均高于对照校学生,差异有统计学意义（P〈0.05）。干预校小学生使用学校统一消毒餐具的比例（83.2%）高于对照校（74.5%）（P〈0.05）。结论改善学校厨房设备可以完善就餐环境,改善学校食堂/厨房的食物供应结构,为改善儿童营养状况提供良好的物质基础。Objective To evaluate effects of improving kitchen equipments on pupils＇ meal at the canteen in poor rural areas.Methods Intervention schools were equipped with various kitchen equipments.According to the school size and economic levels,certain schools near the intervention schools were recruited as control schools,which were not equipped with kitchen equipments.By self-designed questionnaire,376 pupils in control group and 382 pupils in intervention group were investigated a year after providing kitchen equipments to school.Results Among pupils surveyed,pupils in intervention group had more fresh vegetable,meat,eggs,bean and dairy products than those in control school.More pupils were satisfied with meals at the canteen in intervention group（over 60% vs 40%,P〈0.05）.Furthermore,more pupils in intervention group used sterilized plates（P〈0.05）.Conclusion Improving kitchen equipments can improve dining environment,increase pupils＇ food supply and dining satisfaction and provide the basis for improving the nutritional status of children.

关 键 词：饮食习惯 农村人口 干预性研究 学生 

分 类 号：R153.2[医药卫生—营养与食品卫生学] G478.5[医药卫生—公共卫生与预防医学]