中国早期国家阶段石料来源与资源选择策略——基于二里头遗址的石料分析  

作　　者：钱益汇[1] 陈国梁[2] 赵海涛[2] 许宏[2] 刘莉[3] 

机构地区：[1]首都师范大学历史学院和首都文化建设协同创新中心,北京市100089 [2]中国社会科学院考古研究所,北京市100710 [3]斯坦福大学东亚考古中心

出　　处：《考古》2014年第7期86-95,共10页Archaeology

基　　金：国家科技部支撑计划"中华文明探源工程(三)"项目"公元前3500~1500年间黄河流域技术;生业与经济形态研究";子项目"二里头遗址石器生产技术与经济形态变迁";国家社科基金项目(编号为11BKG005)阶段性研究成果之一

摘　　要：前言 二里头遗址于1959年发现，是一处以二里头文化为主要内涵，包括二里冈文化的重要遗址，至今已发现包含10余座大型建筑基址和制骨作坊的宫城，拥有青铜器作坊、绿松石作坊等以及祭祀坑、墓葬、灰坑、窑址等其他遗迹，In this paper, early states of China refer to the Erlitou Culture and Erligang Culture. Lithic industry of this period was still very important and stone raw material was also one of the most important resources at that time. According to the preliminary analysis, there were 32 kinds of stone raw materials in Erlitou Site, among which the sandstone was the most. Comprehensively considering the excavation area and the rate for the stone tools to be discovered in the site, there were sharp differences in the categories and demands of stone raw materials in different stages, especially in the Phase IV of Erlitou Culture, the demand reached the climax. Getting the stone raw material from the nearest place, mainly from the river bank, such as ancient Luo River, was the most convenient resource- getting pattem. Meanwhile, Shagchai and Huizui Sites, which were the secondary settlements controlled by Erlitou Site, were probably charged with the tasks of providing and preliminarily processing stone raw materials for Erfitou Site. In the long-term production practice, the people had rather good knowledge to the characteristics of the important resources including stone raw material： they had different suitable selection policies for the stone raw materials according to the different functions of the stone implements they planned to make to improve the production and use efficiency in the different stages. This selection reflected ancient people＇ s cognition degree to the natural resource in the early states of China.

关 键 词：早期国家 二里头遗址 石料 来源 选择策略 

分 类 号：K878[历史地理—考古学及博物馆学]