不同环境下玉米籽粒油分及饱和脂肪酸含量的遗传效应  

Genetic Effects of Oil and Saturated Fatty Acid on Maize Kernel in Different Environment

作　　者：王云美[1] 高祥扩[1] 冯素芬[1] 杨克昌[1] 江鲁华[1] 赵自仙[2] 李丽争 

机构地区：[1]云南省农业科学院,云南昆明650205 [2]云南农业大学农学与生物技术学院,云南昆明650201 [3]宣威市农业技术服务中心,云南宣威655424

出　　处：《华北农学报》2014年第3期81-89,共9页Acta Agriculturae Boreali-Sinica

基　　金：国家科技支撑计划项目(2012BAD40B05);云南省技术创新人才培养项目(2011CI061);云南农业大学百名人才培养项目(2012PY03)

摘　　要：针对玉米籽粒品质性状遗传机制复杂,传统的分析方法不能对母体的遗传方差进一步细分的问题,采用包括胚、胚乳、细胞质、母体效应及其环境互作效应的种子遗传模型及其分析方法,对玉米籽粒油分及饱和脂肪酸含量的各项遗传效应进行了研究。结果发现,玉米籽粒油分的遗传主要受遗传主效应(VG)控制,胚加性效应(VAo)是影响玉米籽粒油分最重要的遗传效应,其方差占遗传方差总量的88.92%,油分的胚普通遗传率(h2Go)最高,为79.0%。棕榈酸的遗传主要受基因型×环境互作效应(VGE)控制,其VGE占遗传总方差的91.13%,胚乳加性×环境(VAeE)、母体加性×环境(VAmE)对棕榈酸的遗传同等重要,其方差分别占遗传总方差的47.47%,41.99%,棕榈酸的母体互作遗传率(h2GmE)、胚乳互作遗传率(h2GeE)相差不大,分别为39.4%,39.2%。硬脂酸的遗传也主要受基因型环境互作效应的控制,基因型×环境互作效应方差(VGE)占遗传总方差的87.75%,母体加性×环境(VAmE)及胚加性效应(VAo)对硬脂酸的遗传起着重要作用,硬脂酸的母体互作遗传率(h2GmE)为43.7%;胚乳互作遗传率(h2GeE)为43.5%。研究筛选出了几个改良油分和饱和脂肪酸的自交系,P8(ZOL-3)、P9(ZOL-4)、P10(ZOL-5)是提高后代油分的理想亲本,P7(ZOL-2)和P1(ZNL-1)是降低棕榈酸的亲本,降低硬脂酸的亲本有P1(ZNL-1)、P2(自330)和P5(1072)。该研究结果为玉米油的品质育种提供了理论依据。For the issues that genetic mechanisms were complicated for corn kernel quality traits,and maternal genetic variance could not be subdivided using traditional analysis methods,a seed genetic model was used to analyze embryo,endosperm,cytoplasmic and maternal effects and G × E interaction effects of oil and saturated fatty acid content for maize kernel,the results indicated that genetic main effect controlled maize oil content,and embryo additive effect was the most important effect.Embryo additive variance（ VAo） constituting 88.92% of total genetic variances,the embryo narrow heritability of oil was high,the value was 79.0%.Genetic × environment interaction controlled palmitic acid content,genetic × environment interaction variance（ VGE） constituting 91.13% of total genetic variances,endosperm additive interaction（ VAeE） and maternal additive interaction effects（ VAmE） played an equivalent role for palmitic acid content,their variances percentage to total genetic variances were 47.47% and 41.99%respectively,the differences between maternal interaction heritability（ h2GmE） and endosperm interaction heritability（ h2GeE） were minor,the value was 39.4% and 39.2% respectively.Genetic ×environment interaction also controlled stearic acid content,Genetic × environment interaction variance（ VGE） constituting 87.75% of total genetic variances,maternal additive interaction and embryo additive effects played an important role for stearic acid content,maternal interaction heritability（ h2GmE） for stearic acid was 43.7%,and endosperm interaction heritability was43.5%.Several inbred lines were selected for oil and saturated fatty acid improvement,lines P8（ ZOL-3）,P9（ ZOL-4）,P10（ ZOL-5） were perfect for oil increase,and P7（ ZOL-2）,P1（ ZNL-1） for palmitic acid decrease,P1（ ZNL-1）,P2（ Zi330）,P5（ 1072） for stearic acid decrease.The results provided a theoretical basis for quality oil maize breeding.

关 键 词：玉米籽粒 油分 饱和脂肪酸 遗传效应 

分 类 号：S513[农业科学—作物学]