富钾岩石制取钾盐研究20年：回顾与展望  

20 years advances in preparation of potassium salts from potassic rocks:A review and prospect

作　　者：马鸿文[1] 杨静[1] 苏双青[1,2] 刘梅堂[1] 郑红[1] 王英滨[3] 戚洪彬[3] 张盼[1,2] 

机构地区：[1]中国地质大学北京材料科学与工程学院,北京100083 [2]吴青薪材北京技术有限公司,北京100083 [3]中国地质大学北京数理学院,北京100083

出　　处：《地学前缘》2014年第5期236-254,共19页Earth Science Frontiers

基　　金：“十一五”科技支撑计划课题(2006BAD10B04);中国地质调查项目(12120113087700);中央高校基本科研业务费项目(2652014017)

摘　　要：针对有效缓解中国水溶性钾盐资源短缺矛盾,对中国20余处代表性富钾岩石资源利用关键技术进行了长期探索研究。结果表明,其主要富钾矿物为钾长石,采用Ca(OH)2-、NaOH-、KOH-H2O介质水热碱法处理,均可使其结构发生解离,分别生成固相产物雪硅钙石、水羟方钠石、六方钾霞石三种物相,适合作为矿物基硝酸钾载体、提取氧化铝及同时回收苛性碱,以及采用酸浸法制备农用硫酸钾、硝酸钾产品。相应地,液相产物分别为KOH溶液、硅酸钠钾和硅酸钾碱液,适合于加工碳酸钾、硫酸钾、硝酸钾、磷酸钾等多种钾盐产品。在系统流程中,NaOH、KOH可实现循环利用,故水热碱法技术具有一次性资源、能源消耗量少、钾矿资源利用率高、生产过程清洁高效等优势。基于上述成果,已系统建立了非水溶性钾资源高效利用技术体系。水热碱法技术的规模化工程应用,将有助于显著减少钾盐(肥)的进口依存度,改善其消费结构,提高钾资源的保证程度。A long term research on key techniques of comprehensive utilizations of the potassic rocks from over twenty localities has been performed to settle the shortage of soluble potassium resource in China. The results show that the structure of K-feldspar, as the principal mineral enriched in potassium, could be decomposed in the media of Ca （OH）2-, NaOH-, KOH-H2O solutions via hydrothermal treatments, into tobermorite, hydrosodalite, and kalsilite respectively. And by further processing, these intermediate compounds are feasible for being as low-release mineral-based carrier of potassium nitrate, for extracting alumina and recovery of caustic alkali, as well as for preparing farm-oriented fertilizers of potassium sulfate and potassium nitrate. Correspondingly, the filtered liquids are KOH solution, （Na, K） 2 SiO2 and K2 SiO3 alkaline liquids, from which such potassium compounds as carbonate, sulfate, nitrate, and phosphate could be easily produced. As the NaOH and KOH could be recycled in the processing chains by eausticizing the sodium and potassium metasilicate liquiors, the hydrothermal alkaline techniques developed in the current researches are characterized by the lower consumptions of disposable mineral resources and energy, the higher utilization rate of the potassium ore resources, as well as clean productions. Based on the approaches presented in this paper, the systematic technology for utilizing insoluble potassium resources with high efficiency has been established currently. The hydrothermal alkaline methods are thus feasible to be industrialized on a large scale, resulting in decreasing the import dependence of potash fertilizers, improving the pattern of fertilizer consumptions, and enhancing the supplying guarantee of potassium resources.

关 键 词：钾矿资源 钾长石 碳酸钾 硫酸钾 钾盐工业 绿色加工 可持续发展 

分 类 号：P578.32[天文地球—矿物学]