中国硼资源及硼泥资源化综合利用前景  

Boron resource and prospects of comprehensive utilization of boron mud as a resource in China

作　　者：孙青[1] 郑水林[1] 李慧[1] 侯会丽[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国矿业大学(北京)化学与环境工程学院,北京100083

出　　处：《地学前缘》2014年第5期325-330,共6页Earth Science Frontiers

摘　　要：硼是用途广泛的重要非金属元素,中国已探明硼资源总储量为4 908万t,其中90%以上集中分布于辽宁、吉林、青海和西藏4个省区,矿床类型以沉积变质型和现代盐湖沉积型为主。几十年来,硼资源被过度无序开采,使得以硼镁矿为代表的易开采型硼富矿现已濒临枯竭,由此,加强对硼铁矿、现代盐湖和地下卤水型硼资源的进一步开发利用十分必要。目前,硼资源主要是通过制成硼砂和硼酸加以利用,在采用碳碱法制备硼砂和采用硫酸一步分解法、硼砂二步法制备硼酸的过程中,会产生大量的硼泥废弃物,这些废弃物易造成严重的环境污染,制约硼工业的发展。如果硼泥能够得到充分利用,既能解决硼资源的进一步开发利用的难题,也能缓解环境压力。因此,提出了硼泥在建材、环境材料、冶金及有价成分回收等领域资源化利用的绿色途径,并以提高硼的利用价值和降低环境污染为目的,对硼资源合理开发、硼泥综合利用和高新含硼材料发展进行了展望。Boron is an important, widely used, nonmetal element. In China, the total proved reserve of boron resources is about 49.08 million tons, of which more than 90% concentrated in Liaoning, Jilin, Qinghai and Tibet Provinces. And their deposit types are mainly sedimentary metamorphic type and modern saline sedimentary type. Owing to overly and disorderly exploitation for decades, the easy mining boron-rich ore, such as szaibelyite, is exhausting. Thus it is necessary to strengthen the development and utilization of boron recourses such as ludwigite ore, modern saline boron and underground brine boron. At present, boron resources are mainly utilized by being processed into borax and boric acid. Both the preparation of borax by carbon dioxide-soda method and the preparation of boric acid by one-step method of sulfuric acid decomposition or by two-step method of borax would generate large amounts of boron mud waste, which could easily lead to serious environmental pollution and restrict the development of boron industry. If boron mud can be fully utilized, it can not only solve the technical problems for the further development of boron resources, but also relief the pressure of environment. Therefore, the green utilization of boron mud as building materials, environmental materials, metallurgy materials and recycling valuable components has been developed. On the other hand, many efforts have also been done to explore the trends of the rational exploitation of boron resources, comprehensive utilization of boron mud and development of new high-tech boron materials, in order to improve the utilization value of boron and reduce environmental pollution.

关 键 词：硼资源 矿床 开采 硼泥 环境效应 综合利用 

分 类 号：P578.93[天文地球—矿物学]