后殖民叙事学:从叙事学角度观察后殖民小说研究  

“Postcolonial Narratology”:Understanding Narrative Dynamic in Postcolonial Fiction

作　　者：王丽亚[1] 

机构地区：[1]北京外国语大学英语学院,北京100089

出　　处：《外国文学》2014年第4期96-105,158-159,共10页Foreign Literature

基　　金：国家社科基金项目"里德与文化多元主义"(11BWW006)

摘　　要：作为后经典叙事学领域中的一种批评方法,"后殖民叙事学"将叙事作品的结构分析与文化批评相结合,提倡通过观察作品在情节编制、语言方式、文类体裁等形式方面的特点,揭示后殖民文学(主要指小说)在叙事成规参照下的差异对阐释(认知、情感、伦理、文化政治)产生的影响。本文介绍叙事学界这一新兴动态,结合后殖民文学批评理论中的相关概念,阐释"后殖民叙事学"内外结合的分析方法及其意义。本文认为,"后殖民叙事学"目前尚未形成具有体系的"学派",但是,这种将形式研究与文化政治批评相结合的路径对于后殖民文学研究具有启发意义。一方面,它注重后殖民文学作品与传统经典及其叙事成规之间的差异性,使得关于后殖民文学的研究立足于文学范畴的"文学性"(叙事性)及其历史变化,避免后殖民批评理论对文学文本研究的抑制作用;另一方面,借用后殖民批评理论对"语言"及其"差异"的理论认识,后殖民叙事学能够深入探究叙事形式差异与文化历史之间的互文关系。Within the expanding range of postclassical approaches in narrative studies,'Postcolonial narratology'is noteworthy for its tentative effort at connecting the cultural-historical particulars with the universal mimetic art of storytelling,which,in turn,announces certain affiliation with and inscription within world literary crossings.To avoid a reductive interpretation of narrative forms in postcolonial fiction,narratologists in this line of inquiry advocate a plurality of critical discourses,borrowing critical methods from studies in cognitive narratology,linguistics and cultural studies in general.Concentrating on the main strength of such an endeavor among narratologists,the paper delineates the mutual benefits of textcriticism in narratology and contextual readings demanded by critics in postcolonial studies.To further this line of thinking,the discussion introduces Genette's'paratext analysis'as an important part of postcolonial narratology,revealing its pragmatic function of engaging the reader into the socio-historical contexts of postcolonial writing.

关 键 词：后殖民叙事学 后殖民文化批评 叙事形式 阐释 

分 类 号：I0[文学—文学理论]