果园养鸡立体农业生产模式对土壤钙素营养及苹果品质的影响  

Effects of chicken-raising stereoscopic agriculture in orchards on soil calcium nutrient and apple quality on Weibei Dryland

作　　者：王浩[1] 王益权[1] 焦彩强[1] 祝飞华[1] 张润霞[1] 

机构地区：[1]西北农林科技大学资源环境学院,陕西杨凌712100

出　　处：《干旱地区农业研究》2014年第4期178-182,共5页Agricultural Research in the Arid Areas

基　　金：农业部科技教育司"苹果园沼肥应用技术研究与示范"(K312021012)

摘　　要：为了探求果园养鸡立体农业生产模式的科学性及可持续性,以渭北旱塬养鸡苹果园土壤作为研究对象,以同一地区普通果园作为对照,研究了两种果园土壤pH值、土壤碳酸钙及水溶性钠、钙含量及苹果果实密度、果形、硬度、可溶性固形物和可滴定酸等果品质量指标。结果表明,果园养鸡降低了表层0-10 cm土壤的pH值,增大了亚表层土壤pH值;增大了0-50 cm土层土壤碳酸钙的递减速度,仅5年时间果园养鸡使0-50 cm土层土壤钙密度比对照果园减少了CaCO317.75 kg·m-2,平均年递减速率比普通果园高CaCO30.259 kg·m-2·a-1。果园土壤剖面0-50 cm水溶性钙显著增大,在现阶段促使提高了果品的质量指标。从上述结果可以得出,从目前目标出发果园养鸡在促进果品生产方面已产生了积极的作用和效果,但从土壤钙素流失及退化的速度看,对地区果业健康可持续发展产生了一定的隐患,值得给予极大关注。In order to evaluate the suitability and sustainability of chicken-raising stereoscopic agriculture in orchards,the soil pH,content of soil calcium carbonate,content of soil soluble calcium and sodium,fruit density,shape,firmness,soluble solid and titratable acid were compared between chicken-raising orchards and common one（ the control） on WeiBei Dryland. The results showed that the mode of chicken-raising in orchards decreased the pH in surface layer（ 0 - 10 cm）,but increased it in subsurface layer. Under the mode of chicken-raising in orchards,the dissolution rate of CaCO3in 0 - 50 cm soil layer was promoted. The soil calcium density in chicken-raising orchards declined by CaCO317. 75 kg·m-2in 5 years compared with the control,and the decreasing rate of soil calcium density in chicken-raising orchards was CaCO30. 259 kg·m-2·a-1. The content of soluble calcium in 0 - 50 cm soil profile was significantly increased,and the fruit quality was also improved. To sum up,chickenraising in orchards have made a positive effect in improving fruit production currently. However,from the viewpoint of soil calcium loss and degradation,great concerns should be paid to the healthy and sustainable development of fruit industry.

关 键 词：立体农业 果园养鸡 土壤钙退化 苹果品质 

分 类 号：S153.61[农业科学—土壤学] S661.1[农业科学—农业基础科学]