载沣与清朝末年的铁路政策  

Zaifeng and Railway Policy by the End of the Qing Dynasty

作　　者：李学峰[1] 

机构地区：[1]河南大学马克思主义学院

出　　处：《史学月刊》2014年第8期33-41,共9页Journal of Historical Science

摘　　要：张之洞死后,湖南、湖北掀起了拒债废约运动。载沣不察两省绅民根本无力自办的实情,错误地支持了两省的拒债废约运动,对两省拒债废约运动起到了推波助澜的作用,给邮传部带来了巨大的压力。压力之下,邮传部批准成立湖北铁路公司,搁置了四国借款谈判。日俄第二次协约签订后,清王朝的边疆危机大大加深,修筑铁路成为加强边防政治要图,而铁路商办进展缓慢且弊端重重,四国借款又签字在即,为摆脱困境,载沣仓促推出了干路国有政策。在还股问题上,载沣没有采纳张謇"宽恤民隐"的主张,支持了载泽、盛宣怀以逼迫四省绅民附股的还股方案,对四川绅民的正当诉求置之不理,一味压制,激化了矛盾,导致了局势的最终失控。After the death of Zhang Zhidong, people of Hunan and Hubei set off the movement of refusing the debt and shunning the treaty. Zaifeng didn＇t realize that people of Hunan and Hubei can not undertake the construction of the railway,he support the movement of refusing the debt and shunning the treaty in Hunan and Hubei. Department of Communication and Transportion approved the establishment of the railway company in Hunan and Hubei and laid negotiation aside with the four countries under the pressure. After the signing of the second agreement between Japan and Russia,the frontier crisis of the Qing dynasty became complex and acute further, building railway became the important program to strengthen national defense. Commercial railway not only made slow progress but also had many defects. In order to get rid of the dilemma, Zaifeng introduced the state-owned policy of railway hurriedly. Zaifeng did not take Zhang Jian＇s suggestion to he generous. He supported Zaize and Sheng Xuanhuai＇s scheme to force the gentry and people to redeem their shares on the issue of redeeming shares, ignored the legitimate demands of Sichuan people. So, the contradiction become acute and the situation is finally out of control.

关 键 词：载沣 铁路政策 干路国有 

分 类 号：K252[历史地理—历史学]