云南省HIV感染女性所生婴幼儿蛋白质-热能营养不良影响因素分析  

Analysis on influencing factors of protein- energy malnutrition in infants born by HIV- infected mothers in Yunnan province

作　　者：段如菲 李燕[1] 李静[1] 张燕[2] 杨海霞[2] 周贵[1] 毛颖[1] 杨帆[1] 

机构地区：[1]昆明医科大学公共卫生学院云南公共卫生与疾病防控协同创新中心,云南昆明650500 [2]云南省妇幼保健院

出　　处：《中国妇幼保健》2014年第21期3432-3434,3477,共4页Maternal and Child Health Care of China

基　　金：云南省科技计划项目(2013FZ065)

摘　　要：目的：了解云南省HIV感染女性所生婴幼儿营养现状并分析其影响因素，为受艾滋病影响儿童实施营养干预奠定基础。方法：抽取云南省艾滋病高度、中度流行区HIV感染女性所生0～36月龄婴幼儿300例及主要看护者为研究对象，自制调查问卷，并测量婴幼儿身长、体重及血红蛋白值。结果：①婴幼儿均为人工喂养，6月龄时辅食添加率为99．6％；6。12月龄婴儿添加蛋类、肉类、豆类及动物肝血的比例分别为91．3％、95．8％、81．4％和69．2％；婴幼儿进食食物以谷类和水果为主，蔬菜、肉类、蛋类次之，豆类及动物肝血添加较少。24h膳食回顾发现：婴幼儿能量摄入不足比例占50．0％，蛋白质摄入不足比例占38．0％。生长迟缓者占21．3％，低体重者占18．7％，消瘦者占6．0％，贫血患病率为14．3％。多因素非条件Logistic回归分析结果显示：低出生体重、母亲是少数民族、母亲文化水平低及蛋类添加频率低是婴幼儿生长迟缓的危险因素。结论：云南省HIV感染女性所生婴幼儿蛋白质一热能营养不良患病率较高，主要与低出生体重、母亲文化水平低及补充喂养不合理有关，提示应加强对HIV感染女性所生婴幼儿的喂养指导，必要时给予营养救助。Objective： To understand the current situation of nutrition in infants born by HIV - infected mothers in Yunnan prov- ince and analyze the influencing factors, lay the foundation for carrying out nutritional intervention for the children affected by AIDS. Meth- ods ： A total of 300 infants aged 0 - 36 months born by HIV - infected mothers in AIDS high and moderate epidemic regions of Yunnan prov- ince and their main caters were selected as study objects, a self - designed questionnaire was used in the study ; body height, body weight and hemoglobin levels of the infants were measured. Results： All the infants were fed with artificial feeding. The complementary feeding rate was 99.6% when the infants were 6 months old. The proportions of 6 - 12 - month infants fed with eggs, meat, beans and liver accounted for 91.3%, 95.8%, 81.4% and 69. 2%, respectively. The main supplementary foods were rice and fruits, followed by vegetables, meat and eggs ; beans and liver were few. The results of 24 - hour dietary recall indicated that the proPortions of energy deficiency and protein deficien- cy among the infants were 50. 0% and 38.0%, respectively. The prevalence rates of growth retardation, underweight, emaciation and anemi- a were 21.3%, 18. 7%, 6.0% and 14. 3%, respectively. Non - conditional multivariate logistic regression analysis indicated that low birth weight, minority mothers, low maternal educational level and low frequency of adding eggs were risk factors of growth retardation. Conclu- sion ： The prevalence rate of protein - energy malnutrition among infants born by HIV - infected mothers in Yunnan province is high, which is mainly correlated with lower birth weight, low maternal educational level and unreasonable complementary feeding; the study indicates that feeding guidance for infants horn by HIV - infected mothers should be strengthened, nutritional assistance should be provided if necessary.

关 键 词：HIV感染女性 婴幼儿 营养不良 

分 类 号：R153.2[医药卫生—营养与食品卫生学]