双因子模型:多维构念测量的新视角  

Bi-factor Models: A New Measurement Perspective of Multidimensional Constructs

作　　者：顾红磊[1] 温忠麟[1] 方杰[2] 

机构地区：[1]华南师范大学心理应用研究中心/心理学院,广州510631 [2]广东财经大学人文与传播学院,广州510320

出　　处：《心理科学》2014年第4期973-979,共7页Journal of Psychological Science

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(31271116);教育部人文社会科学重点研究基地项目(11JJD190005);广东省哲学社会科学"十二五"规划项目(GD13CXL01)的资助

摘　　要：双因子模型是一种既有全局因子又有局部因子的模型,近年来有了许多应用。本文讨论了双因子模型和高阶因子模型在数学模型、参数之间的关系,概念上和应用上的差异;概述了双因子模型在信度研究、平衡量表、探索性因子分析和项目反应理论中的应用。作为例子,在Rosenberg自尊量表结构的研究中,通过双因子模型分析了自尊特质效应与项目表述方法效应。Empirical psychological, educational and social scientists are often confronted with multifaceted constructs which are com-prised of several related dimensions. The traditional methods to measure the muhifaeeted constructs include the total score approach, theindividual score approach and the higher - order factor analysis. The total score approach creates a composite score （ a total or averagescore of all the items） based on the individual facets; this approach is easily to be understood, but ignores the differences among the di-mensions. The individual score approach separately analyzes each facet of the construct ; this approach examines each dimension＇s indi-vidual effect, but does not take the ~ommonality of the dimensions into account. The higher - order factor analysis simultaneously con-siders the common and individual eftects, but the higher - order factors are mysterious and incomprehensible because they are definednot by tests, but by first - order factors. In summary, all of these approaches cannot solve the bandwidth - fidelity dilemma in multidi-mensional testing. Bi -factor models often provide better analysis for multidimensional constructs. Bi -factor models are potentially applicable when（a） there is a general factor that is presumed to account for the commonality of all items; （b） there are several domain specific factors,each is presumed to account for the unique influence of one specific domain. A bifactor model represents a special multidimensionalstructure, characterizing both the unidimensional and hierarchical structures. Bifactor models are widely applied in various fields, inclu-ding cognitive ability, disposional hope, emotional intelligence, psychological reactance, vocational interests, psychopathology, well -being and so on. In this article, the relationship between bi - factor models and higher - order factor models is discussed from the perspective of theconcepts, mathematical models, parameters, and practical applications. Both bi -factor and higher- order factor mo

关 键 词：构念 双因子模型 高阶因子模型 因子分析 

分 类 号：B841[哲学宗教—基础心理学]