科尔沁沙地两种蒿属固沙半灌木的开花物候比较研究  

Comparison of Flowering Phenology of Two Kinds of Sandy Semi-shrub of Artemisia L.in the Horqin Sandy Land

作　　者：郑星星[1] 王铁娟[1] 魏小萌[1] 

机构地区：[1]内蒙古师范大学生命科学与技术学院,呼和浩特010022

出　　处：《植物研究》2014年第4期446-451,共6页Bulletin of Botanical Research

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(31160130);内蒙古自治区自然科学基金(2011MS0524);内蒙古师范大学科学研究基金项目(RCPY-2-2012-K-049)资助

摘　　要：对科尔沁沙地的乌丹蒿和差不嘎蒿的开花物候进行了调查研究,从头状花序、花序枝、个体以及群体水平比较两种植物的开花物候特性。结果表明:(1)乌丹蒿的群体始花期为6月18日,较差不嘎蒿的早9 d,持续时间为19 d,差不嘎蒿开放持续16 d,两种植物群体花期重叠约10 d。在个体水平上,乌丹蒿始花日期比差不嘎蒿早7 d,单株花期长2 d;(2)乌丹蒿二级花序枝上头状花序数比差不嘎蒿的少,开放持续时间更长。两种植物开花频率均为单峰型,二级花序枝开放持续时间频率均以8 d为最高,其次为9 d,头状花序水平上两者开放持续时间频率较高的均为5 d、4 d、6 d,5 d频率最大;(3)差不嘎蒿二级花序枝上近基部的头状花序先开放,自基部向上的第2和第3个位置最先开放的频率相对为高,分别为12.7%和11.9%。而乌丹蒿则是顶端的头状花序先开放,最先开放的频率高达56.3%;(4)两种植物的开花振幅曲线均呈单峰曲线,其中乌丹蒿开花后第9 d开花量达到高峰,差不嘎蒿开花后第6 d开花量达到高峰。两种植物开花物候的相似性反映出它们的亲缘关系及对共同环境的适应性,不同点尤其是最先开放顺序的差异性,表明了两者长期进化的遗传差异。The flowering phenology of Artemisia wudanica and A. halodendron were investigated at four levels （capitulum, inflorescence branches, individual and population） in the Horqin Sandy Land. The results showed that： （1） At the population level, the initial time of flowering of A. wudanica was 18th June, which was 9 d earlier than A. halodendron, the durations were 19 d and 16 d, respectively, and the overlapping flowering period was 10 d in two species. At the individual level, the initial time of flowering was 7 d earlier and the duration was 2 d longer in A. wudanica than in A. halodendron; （2）The number of capitulum on secondary inflorescence branches was less and duration was longer in A. wudanica than in A. halodendron. The flowering frequency of two species were all single- peak type, the highest frequency of flowering duration time at the secondary inflorescence branch were all 8 d, followed by 9 d; for the capitulum, the higher frequency were all 5 d, 4 d, 6 d and the highest one was 5 d; （3）The first flowering position was near the base of secondary inflorescence branches in A. halodendron, the highest frequency was the second and the third one from the base, being 12.7% and 11.9%, respectively. However, the capitulum on the top of secondary inflorescence branches was the first blossom in A. wudanica, the frequency was up to 56. 3% ; （4）The flowering amplitude curve of two species all showed a single peak curve, A. wudanica reached its peak on the 9th day after flowering, and A. halodendron was on the 6th day. The similarity of these two species＇ flowering phenology reflected their phylogenetic relationship and adaptability to environment. The differences, especially the first flowering position, indicated the genetic differences in long-term evolution of two species.

关 键 词：乌丹蒿 差不嘎蒿 开花物候 

分 类 号：S727.23[农业科学—林木遗传育种]