蕈菌生物技术的现代观及其对全球福祉事业的影响(一)  

Modern views on edible and medicinal mushroom biotechnology and impact on global human welfare with special reference to China

作　　者：张树庭[1] 

机构地区：[1]国际蕈菌生物技术服务中心,香港中文大学生物系

出　　处：《食药用菌》2014年第4期181-184,共4页Edible and Medicinal Mushrooms

摘　　要：当今人类的福祉面临着无数的挑战:地区性食物短缺,人类健康质量下降,以及生态环境日趋恶化。这些问题会随着世界人口的持续增长而愈加严重。我们迫切需要掌握公平有效的全球性的知识和技术。这三大挑战,特别是人类健康损害的发生不仅仅局限于贫困国家或社会的贫困阶层。事实上,那些在发展中国家和发达国家生活的高学历富裕家庭也有很多健康问题,如:高血压、心脏疾病、糖尿病和癌症等所谓的"富裕病"。这些健康问题的发生导致了不良的经济后果,提高了消费者和纳税人的生活成本,并使劳动力成为生产力下降的主要因素,不管是人类还是国家都不能忽视这个问题。蕈菌是一种很好的保健食品,其衍生产品是很好的膳食补充剂(滋补药),对多种疾病有一定疗效。蕈菌产业和其他产业一样,在全球范围内面临着不断变化和创新的压力。随着世界人口的不断增加,食用蕈菌消费能力日益提高,给世界蕈菌产业带来了极大的挑战,但同时也为药用蕈菌进入全球医疗保健体系创造了新的机遇。因此,需要通过探索野生蕈菌的生物多样性来不断发现新的品种资源,通过遗传操作和医药制造技术,开发新的生物功能材料。从事蕈菌行业的农民、生产商、出口商和科研人员等,都要灵活适应不断变化的全球性环境,通力合作,以推动世界蕈菌产业的发展。总的来说,世界蕈菌生产的稳步增长主要得益于如中国、印度、波兰和匈牙利等发展中国家的贡献。尤其是中国,近年来食用蕈菌和药用蕈菌的产量都大幅增加,如2011年的蕈菌产量为2 570万吨,其中包括了药用蕈菌,如灵芝属的110 027吨,占到世界生产总量的85%,做出了很大的贡献。此外,一些新的蕈菌品种在中国也有栽培和销售。近35年来,我看到中国的蕈菌产业发展变化,确实是惊人的。我从事蕈菌工作已有50多年,�Today we face myriad of challenges for global human welfare including inadequate regional food supplies, diminishing quality of health, and increasing environmental deterioration. The magnitude of these problems is set to increase as the world＇s population continues to grow. We need urgently to acquire the knowledge and technology required for fair and effective global response. Three challenges, particularly, human health disadvantages are not limited to the poor nations or the poor segments of the society. Even, the high educated, wealthier families in both developingand developed countries live in deed with health problems e.g., high blood pressure, heart diseases, diabetes and cancer in deed the so called ＂wealthy diseases＂. These health disadvantages also have economic consequences. They lead to higher costs for consumers and taxpayers as well as a workforce that is vulnerable to productivity losses. With lives and dollars at stake the people /nations cannot afford to ignore this problem. Mushrooms are a valuable health food and their derivatives are superior dietary supplements（nutriceuticals） which have beneficial effects on a wide range of human ailments. The mushroom industry, like other industries, faces constant change and innovation pressures on a global scale. The challenges are for the world mushroom industry to recognise the increasing edible mushroom consumption capabilities with the increase in world population, and new opportunities such as introducing medicinal mushroom products into the global healthcare system. The industry needs to also continually search for new species through exploring the wild mushroom biodiversity and for new biological functional materials through genetic manipulation and pharmacological manufacture. Mushroom farmers, producers, exporters, researchers etc will need to be flexible and responsive to the changing environment of globalisation, and also work together, so as to be effective participants in the development of world mushroom industry. Overall, world

关 键 词：蕈菌 生物多样性 生物周期 营养药 膳食补充剂 生物技术 中国 

分 类 号：S646[农业科学—蔬菜学] F316.1[农业科学—园艺学]