放牧强度对小叶章草场地上现存量和营养成分动态变化的影响  

Effects of Grazing Intensity on the Aboveground Present Biomass and Dynamic Changes of Nutrient Components in Deyeuxia angustifolia Meadow

作　　者：张丞宇[1] 牛壮[1] 王彦庆[1] 崔新[1] 张晗[1] 阎南南[1] 姚凤娇 王明君[1] 崔国文[1] 

机构地区：[1]东北农业大学动物科学技术学院,黑龙江哈尔滨150030

出　　处：《中国草地学报》2014年第4期18-23,共6页Chinese Journal of Grassland

基　　金：公益性行业(农业)科研专项经费项目(200903060)

摘　　要：在黑龙江省三江平原放牧季(5月下旬～9月下旬),设置轻牧(0.99头牛/hm2)、中牧(1.65头牛/hm2)和重牧(2.30头牛/hm2)三种放牧强度,以零放牧作为对照,观测放牧处理对小叶章草场地上现存量、营养成分动态变化的影响。结果表明:轻牧、中牧和重牧的平均地上现存量与对照区相比显著降低(P<0.05),分别降低39.94%、44.11%和48.71%,放牧处理间差异不显著。放牧强度改变了地上现存量高峰期,轻牧出现在7月(与对照区相同),中牧和重牧则提前至6月。随着放牧的进行,群落植物粗蛋白质含量逐渐增大,粗脂肪含量呈下降趋势,中牧群落植物钙含量增加最多,放牧末期磷含量达到高峰。A experiment with three grazing intensities （light grazing, 0. 99 cows hm-2; moderate grazing, 1.65 cows hm-2; heavy grazing, 2. 30 cows hm-2） was conducted during the grazing season （from late May to late September） in Sanjiang Plain in Heilongjiang Province. The experiment aimed to observe the effects of the three grazing treatments on aboveground present biomass and nutrient component changes in the third experimental year in Deyeuccia angustifolia meadow, using no grazing area as a con- trast. Compared with no grazing area, the average amounts of the aboveground present biomass in light grazing area, moderate grazing area and heavy grazing area significantly declined by 39.94%, 44.11% and 48.71% respectively （P〈0. 05）; Differences among the three grazing treatments were not significant （P〉0.05）. The seasons in which the aboveground present biomass was maximal in different zones varied due to grazing intensities： in the light grazing area occurred in July （the same as no grazing area）, but in the moderate grazing area and heavy grazing area occurred in June. As the experiment continued, the a- mounts of crude protein in plant communities increasingly grew and yet the amounts of crude fat deceased. The increase of calcium of plant communities in the moderate grazing area was the highest. At the end of grazing, the amounts of phosphorus reached a peak.

关 键 词：放牧强度 小叶章 地上现存量 营养成分 

分 类 号：S812.8[农业科学—草业科学]