单船拖曳4顶网式双撑杆虾拖网模型试验  

Single ship towing four net-type double rig shrimp trawl model testing

作　　者：周爱忠[1] 张禹[1] 徐国栋[1] 王永进[1] 张勋[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国水产科学研究院东海水产研究所,农业部东海与远洋渔业资源开发利用重点实验室,上海200090

出　　处：《海洋渔业》2014年第4期364-371,共8页Marine Fisheries

基　　金：国家科技支撑计划"过洋性渔业捕捞技术与新资源开发"(2013BAD13B04)

摘　　要：单船拖曳4顶相同网具的双撑杆虾拖网有单顶网具规格小、结构相对简单、网口高度低、网具水平扩张大的特点。本文针对我国过洋性远洋渔业2种不同功率的双撑杆拖网渔船所使用的虾拖网进行模型试验,结果表明:4片式结构、网口周长为28.6 m的1号网和网口周长为40.3 m的2号网,在相同的拖速下,随着水平扩张增大,网具的阻力增加,而网口高度则有所下降。水平扩张L/S=0.45时,当拖速从1.29 m·s-1提高到2.57 m·s-1,1号网的阻力从4.77 kN上升为14.29 kN,网口高度从0.73 m下降为0.51 m;2号网的网具阻力从5.98 kN上升为18.04 kN,网具的网口高度从1.71 m下降为1.03 m。当拖速为1.54 m·s-1、L/S=0.45时,1号网具的阻力为6.37 kN,网口高度为0.66 m,2号网具的阻力为7.99 kN,网口高度为1.49 m;1号网网口垂直扩张系数为2.31%,2号网的垂直扩张系数为3.71%;1号网的能耗系数为3.71 kW·h·(104m3)-1,2号网的能耗系数为2.20 kW·h·(104m3)-1;在相同的拖速和水平扩张L/S下,2号网的垂直扩张性能优于1号网、能耗系数低于1号网。功率消耗系数的分析表明,1号网与渔船主机的额定功率较匹配,2号网被模拟部分的功率消耗所占渔船主机额定功率的百分比过小。The double-pole shrimp trawls, four together towed by a single vessel, have the characteristics of single small nets： small specification, simple structure, lower height of net mouth and larger horizontal expansion. Shrimp trawl fishery of China adopts such practices in distant-water fishery. Athough domestic research on double-pole shrimp trawl fishing gears and methods had been carried out, research on fishing methods in which 4 shrimp trawls were towed together by a sigle ship was few. And study on the hydrodynamic perpormance of this kind of net was almost blank. Adjustment of nets, matching of fishing gears and vessels, and optimization of fishing gears came across dilemmas for lack of understanding on the dydrodynamic data including the resistance of such nets and height of net mouth. This paper carried out a model experiment of shrimp trawl , which was used by double-pole trawler with two different powers in pelagic fishery in China, and the similarity criterion used Tauchi similarity critera. Results were as follows： with L/S （L- horizontal expansion of net ,S-the length of ground rope） magnifying at the same speed, the resistance reduced but the height of mouth increased, net No. 1 with perimeter of net mouth of 28.6 m and No. 2 with perimeter of net mouth of 40.3 m, however, the height of mouth of net No. 1 increased obviously when L/S = 0.35 but the resistance was slightly greater than that when L/S = 0.4 ; at the towing speed of 1.29 m· s - 1 to 2.57 m· s-1 and L/S of 0.45, the resistance of net No. 1 was 4.77 kN to 14.29 kN, and the height of net mouth lowered to 0.51 m from 0.73 m, while the resistance of net No. 2 increased from 5.98 kN to 18.04 kN, the height of net mouth ranged from 1.71 m to 1.03 m; at the speed of 1.54 m· s-1, the resistance of net No. 1 was 6.37 kN, the height of net mouth was 0.66 m, while the resistance of net No. 2 was 7.99 kN, and the height of net mouth was 1.49 m ; vertical expansion coefficient of net mouth of net No. 1 was 2.31%, however that of net No. 2 wa

关 键 词：双撑杆 虾拖网 模型试验 

分 类 号：S972.13[农业科学—捕捞与储运]