美国医疗体制改革历程探析  

On the Reform of American Healthcare System

作　　者：高芳英[1] 

机构地区：[1]苏州大学社会学院历史学,苏州215123

出　　处：《世界历史》2014年第4期75-84,159,共10页World History

基　　金：2011年国家社科基金项目“20世纪以来美国公共医保制度的演进”(项目批准号:11BSH001)阶段性研究成果之一

摘　　要：从西奥多·罗斯福总统提出实现全民医疗保障倡议到奥巴马政府通过基本实现全民覆盖的新医改法案,美国医疗体制改革已历经百年。医改经历的一个世纪,正是美国社会发生重大变革的一百年。迄今为止,美国医疗体制形成了以私有为主、公共为辅的"双轨"制,但医疗保障至今仍未覆盖全民。美国医改历程的最大特点是漫长曲折,充满争议,这是由于美国人的价值取向不同、特殊利益争夺和医疗体制本身的复杂性所造成的。目前虽然奥巴马的医疗体制改革已取得法律成果,但反对落实新医改法案的争辩还时有发生。由此来看,美国的医疗体制改革依然任重道远。From the time when President Theodore Roosevelt proposed universal health care to the recent passing of the healthcare bill by the Obama Administration,nearly one hundred years have elapsed.The century of healthcare reform witnesses great social transformations in the US.Up till now,the double-track healthcare system has been in operation,by which the private initiative plays the leading role supplemented by the public contribution.The healthcare insurance still falls short of universal coverage.The reform of healthcare system in the US has been long,full of twists and controversy.This is due to the fact that Americans have different value orientations,their contentions for special interests and complexity of healthcare system.Currently,though the Obama Administration has made some legal progress,the disputes over the implementation of the new health bill still emerge from time to time.Therefore,a complete reform of American healthcare system still has a long way to go.

关 键 词：美国 医疗体制 改革 历程 

分 类 号：R-09[医药卫生] K712[历史地理—历史学]