信息技术应用、企业组织变革与劳动力技能需求变化  

Information Technology Adoption,Workplace Organization Innovation and Labor Skill Demand Change

作　　者：宁光杰[1] 林子亮 

机构地区：[1]南开大学经济学系,300071 [2]美国哥伦比亚大学工业工程与运筹系

出　　处：《经济研究》2014年第8期79-92,共14页Economic Research Journal

基　　金：中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金项目(NKZXA1109);南开大学亚洲研究中心项目(AS1317);天津市社科重点课题(TJLJ13-001);国家社科重大项目(13&ZD018)的研究成果

摘　　要：技术进步带来对高技能劳动力的需求偏向,或者说技能偏向型技术变化已是学者们研究甚广的问题。面对21世纪以来突飞猛进的信息技术进步,本文在总结已有研究的基础上,根据中国劳动力市场特征做出了信息技术变化、企业组织变革和高技能劳动力需求存在互补关系的理论假设,并运用世界银行2005年和2012年的企业调查数据通过相关性检验和多元回归分析,给予此假设在中国企业环境下的实证支持。研究发现信息技术应用和企业组织变革都提高了企业的高技能劳动力比例,降低了低技能劳动者比例,并且信息技术应用导致收入差距扩大。在考虑技术内生性、企业异质性后结论依然成立。论文最后讨论了其可能的深层政策含义与潜在的研究方向。As economists have long and broadly observed and studied, technology advancement has brought forth certain bias on the demand for skilled labor. Theories and empirical studies on this topic are well developed. In the twenty-first century, information technology （IT） has become the major technical driving force. In this paper, previous researches on IT＇s impact on labor demand are summarized, a hypothesis on the complementary relationship between IT change, corporate workplace organization and skilled labor demand is made, and the hypothesis is tested empirically by using World Bank＇s firm level data of 2005 and 2012 in China. We find that IT adoption and workplace organization raise skilled labor ratio and lower unskilled labor ratio, in turn IT gives rise to income inequality. The conclusion holds even after we consider the endogenous IT change and heterogeneous firms. Finally, certain possible implication and future research direction are discussed.

关 键 词：高技能劳动力需求 信息技术进步 企业组织变革 技能偏向型技术变化 

分 类 号：F272.9[经济管理—企业管理] F270.7[经济管理—国民经济] F249.2