基于时间序列幅值分量标度特性的齿轮箱故障诊断  

Fault Diagnosis of Gearbox based on Scaling Feature of Amplitude Component of Time Series

作　　者：林近山[1] 窦春红[2] 伦冠德[1] 刘炳强[1] 

机构地区：[1]潍坊学院机电与车辆工程学院,山东潍坊261061 [2]潍坊学院信息与控制工程学院,山东潍坊261061

出　　处：《机械传动》2014年第8期125-129,165,共6页Journal of Mechanical Transmission

基　　金：山东省自然科学基金(ZR2012EEL07);潍坊市科技发展计划项目(201104050;201104063);潍坊学院博士科研基金(2014BS17)

摘　　要：齿轮箱是复杂的动力学系统,其故障信号通常呈现出非平稳和非线性特征,因此齿轮箱故障信号的特征提取是一个难题。去趋势波动分析(Detrended Fluctuation Analysis,DFA)可以用来分析非平稳非线性数据,得到的标度曲线可以用来刻画复杂系统的动力学行为。然而原始序列的标度曲线通常具有复杂的形状,所以从原始序列的标度曲线提取故障特征具有一定的困难。为了解决这个问题,对齿轮箱故障数据增量序列的动力学特性进行了研究,结果证明增量序列的幅值分量主要携带数据的非线性特征,然后提出了基于时间序列幅值分量标度特性的齿轮箱故障特征提取方法。该方法首先计算原始序列的增量序列,获得增量序列的幅值分量,然后利用DFA方法计算幅值分量的标度曲线,最后提取标度曲线的左端点和转折点的波动参数作为故障特征进行故障诊断。利用实测数据对所提出方法的性能进行了验证,结果表明,该方法对噪声干扰具有较好的鲁棒性,可以有效地对齿轮箱故障进行诊断,与传统的时域参数方法相比具有明显的优势。Gearboxes are complex dynamical systems and vibration data from defective gearboxes are typically characterized by nonstationarity and nonlinearity.Consequently,it is difficult to extract fault features from these nonstationary and nonlinear data.Detrended Fluctuation Analysis（DFA）can be employed to analyze nonstationary and nonlinear data and the scaling-law curve obtained by DFA can be used to display the dynamical behavior of complex systems.However,scaling-law curves of original data from fault gearboxes usually assume complex shapes.As a result,it is a difficult problem to extract feature parameters from these complex scaling-law curves.To resolve the problem,the scaling property of increment series from fault gearboxes is studied and that the amplitude component of the increment series mainly conveys the nonlinear information is proved.Next,a novel method for fault diagnosis of gearboxes based on scaling features of amplitude components of time series is proposed.The proposed method consists of four parts.Firstly,the increment series of original series is derived.Next,the amplitude component of the increment series is determined.Thirdly,the DFA algorithm is utilized to acquire the scaling-law curve of the amplitude component.Finally,the fluctuation parameters for the starting and the crossover points of the scaling-law curve are extracted and used as feature parameters to describe the conditions of a gearbox.Subsequently,the effectiveness of the proposed method is checked using gearbox fault data.The results show that the proposed method is robust to noise,delivers a good performance and outperforms the diagnostic methods using the temporal parameters in fault diagnosis of gearbox.

关 键 词：去趋势波动分析 幅值分量 齿轮箱 故障诊断 

分 类 号：TH132.4[机械工程—机械制造及自动化] TH165.3