美国乡村历史建筑的保护及启示  

Rural Historical Architecture Conservation in the U.S.and Its Enlightenments to China

作　　者：张敏[1] 王思明[1] 

机构地区：[1]南京农业大学人文社会科学学院,江苏南京210095

出　　处：《中国农史》2014年第4期122-129,共8页Agricultural History of China

基　　金：教育部课题:中国农业文化遗产评估指标体系研究(KYZ200904);江苏省高校哲学社会科学基地重大招标项目:江苏农业文化遗产调查研究(苏教社政[2010]1号)

摘　　要：最初美国人对乡村历史建筑的保护源于爱国热情。然而,随着城市化及现代科技弊端的逐渐显现,美国乡村历史建筑保护的理念也被逐渐扩大,在保护文物价值的同时强调文化价值、景观价值、生态环境价值的综合保护。在保护机构方面,美国设置了一套从联邦到州,从内政部到农业部的一套责权明确、相互协调的保护体制,切实地保障了各项乡村历史建筑保护的政策法规在实践中得到有效推行。此外,美国还通过财税激励措施鼓励私人参与乡村历史保护,从而实现了参与主体的最大化。当前我国乡村正经历着一场现代化及城镇化的巨大变革,在此过程中,乡村历史建筑的保护问题亟待解决,对此可以在结合我国实际情况的基础上借鉴美国乡村历史保护的思想及制度标准,实现对我国乡村历史建筑及相关历史景观、生态环境的有效保护。At early stage, American people conserved its rural historical architecture mainly originated from patriotism, but by the late 1960s, the concept of rural historical architecture conservation was expanded by urban sprawl and the use of modern science and technology in rural area. Americans began to emphasize the cultural value,landscape value and ecological value embodied in a rural historical architecture. The U.S. also established an efficient historical conservation regime. In this regime, all the subjects including NPS, SHPO, etc, cooperate harmoniously and duty clear which ensure all policies and regulations related rural historical architecture are implemented effectively. At the same time the U.S. also encourages private to take part in the conservation of rural historical architecture, which maximizes its historical conservation subjects. In nowadays, Chinese rural area is experiencing a rapid urbanization, which changed traditional rural landscape, at the same time,the widely used modern science and technology destroy the harmony between people and nature in traditional agricultural model of production. It is a critical issue for us to conserve our precious rural historical architectures and rural historical landscape around them. In order to achieve this goal, we can learn some good experience form the U.S.

关 键 词：乡村历史建筑 国家公园管理局 美国 农业文化遗产 

分 类 号：S-09[农业科学] K207[历史地理—历史学]