热带东北印度洋海域毛颚类的群落结构特征  

Community structure of chaetognaths in the tropical northeastern Indian Ocean

作　　者：李开枝[1] 柯志新[1] 李刚[1] 尹健强[1] 黄良民[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国科学院热带海洋生物资源与生态重点实验室,广东广州510301

出　　处：《热带海洋学报》2014年第4期40-46,共7页Journal of Tropical Oceanography

基　　金：中国科学院知识创新工程青年人才领域前沿项目(SQ201307);中国科学院战略性先导科技专项(A类)(XDA11020203);国家自然科学基金项目(31101619;41276159;41130855)

摘　　要：毛颚类(Chaetognaths)是海洋浮游动物中的一个特殊类群,其种类和数量分布对探索海流和水团变化以及海洋食物链中能量传递具有重要意义。文章根据2011年4~5月在印度洋东北海域(80°E^98.5°E,5°S^6°N)29个站的调查资料,分析了毛颚类种类组成、丰度分布和群落结构特征。共鉴定毛颚类14种,以暖水大洋广布种为主,其中肥胖箭虫Sagitta enflata、太平洋箭虫Sagitta pacifica、飞龙翼箭虫Pterosagitta draco和凶形箭虫Sagitta ferox是调查海域的优势种。依据调查站位设置及环境特征,将调查海域分东部断面、赤道断面和西部断面。种数变化范围为5~14种,种数分布不均匀,东部断面每站一般低于10种,而赤道断面及西部断面的种数相对较丰富。毛颚类平均丰度为5.35(±2.82)ind·m-3,分布亦不均匀,西部断面的丰度比赤道和东部断面均高。群落结构分析表明,调查海域毛颚类可分3个组群(相似度水平50%),组群I包括11种,是调查海域的主要种类,分布较广,而另外两个组群仅3种,主要出现在东部和西部断面的少数调查站;调查站之间的相似度较高,特别是西部断面站位之间的相似度>70%。西部断面受沿岸水和涌升水的影响,出现较高的物种多样性和丰度。Chaetognaths, a unique group of marine zooplankton, play an important role in the trophic web of the pelagic realm. This study examined the species composition, abundance distribution and community structure of chaetognaths based on the data obtained from the tropical northeastern Indian Ocean in April-May, 2011. A total of 14 species of chaetognath were identified, characterized by the ecological groups with widespread tropical species. The dominant species were mainly represented by Sagitta enflata, Sagitta pacifica, Pterosagitta draco, and Sagitta ferox. The study area could be divided into three transects：eastern, equatorial and western transects based on the locations of sampling stations and marine environment. The range of species richness was from five to 14, with the high diversity at the equatorial and western transects, and below 10 at the eastern transect. An average of chaetognath abundance was 5.35（±2.82） ind·m-3, with an uneven distribution characterized by high values at the western transect and low values at the equatorial and eastern transects. Results of species cluster analysis showed that the species of chaetognaths in the study area could be divided into three groups at the similarity level of 50%, with one group including 11 species and the other two groups only including three species each. The similarity percentage of community structure at the western transect was higher than at the other transects. The high diversity and abundance of chaetognaths at the western transect could be due to the influence of both coastal waters and upwelled waters.

关 键 词：浮游动物 毛颚类 种类 丰度 印度洋 

分 类 号：Q959.27[生物学—动物学]