功能性电刺激恢复周围性面神经麻痹兔眨眼功能的研究  

Blink restoration by the functional electrical stimulation in unilateral facial nerve palsy rabbits

作　　者：薛玉斌[1] 冯国栋[1] 丁秀勇[2] 赵杨[1] 崔婷婷[1] 高志强[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国医学科学院北京协和医学院北京协和医院耳鼻咽喉科,100730 [2]首都医科大学附属北京友谊医院耳鼻咽喉科

出　　处：《中华耳鼻咽喉头颈外科杂志》2014年第7期586-591,共6页Chinese Journal of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery

基　　金：基金项目：“十二五”国家科技支撑计划资助项目（2012BAI12801）

摘　　要：目的 比较不同波形和参数的脉冲电刺激诱发周围性面神经麻痹新西兰白兔眨眼运动的效果,同时建立一个功能性电刺激系统,用以恢复单侧周围性面神经麻痹兔的双侧同步眨眼功能.方法 24只新西兰白兔,完全随机法分为Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ组,每组8只.分别切断右侧面神经总干,制作单侧周围性面神经麻痹模型;采用电脉冲串分别刺激其双侧眼轮匝肌,诱发眨眼运动;Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ组兔的刺激波形分别为方波、正弦波和三角波,每只动物分别接受三种载波频率（25、50和100 Hz）、九种波宽（1～9 ms）的脉冲刺激;利用SPSS 16.0统计软件比较不同波形和刺激参数之间诱发眨眼反应所需电压阈值和总电荷量的差别.然后任意选取6只单侧周围性面神经麻痹兔,用生理记录仪和电刺激器组成的功能性电刺激系统来记录其健侧眨眼时眼轮匝肌的肌电信号,并以此为触发信号,触发麻痹侧眼轮匝肌的电刺激,观察其眨眼动作.结果 25 Hz的电脉冲串在诱发眨眼的过程中会发生眼睑的持续颤动,不能产生平滑的眨眼运动;而50 Hz和100 Hz载波频率的脉冲串刺激可以诱发接近自然状态的眨眼反应.方波诱发完全眨眼所需的阈电压远小于其他两种波形（P＜0.05）.三种波形刺激诱发眨眼反应所需的总电荷量差异较小.在刺激频率相同时,三种波形诱发完全眨眼所需的总电荷量随着脉冲波宽的增加几乎呈线性增加.100 Hz的脉冲串刺激诱发眨眼所需的电压小于50 Hz（P ＜0.05）,但是其消耗的电荷量远高于50 Hz的脉冲串（P＜0.05）.6只兔在健侧产生诱发性眨眼时,功能性电刺激系统均能够成功恢复麻痹侧的同步眨眼运动.结论 50 Hz的方波电脉冲最适合用于刺激兔眼轮匝肌诱发眨眼,用健侧眼轮匝肌的肌电信号作为患侧眼轮匝肌电刺激的触发信号,可以恢复单侧周围性面神经麻痹兔的双侧同步眨眼.Objective Tocompare the effects of different waveforms and parameters of electrical stimulation to elicit a blink, and construct a functional electrical stimulation （FES） system to restore synchronous blink in unilateral facial nerve palsy （FNP）. Methods Firstly, twenty-four rabbits were surgically induced unilateral FNP and were divided into three groups, who received square, sine and triangle pulse wareforms, respectirely. Both the healthy and the paralysis eyelids of the rabbits received pulse train stimulation to produce a blink in both eyes. For each rabbit, twenty-seven combinations of frequencies （25 Hz, 50 Hz and 100 Hz） and nine pulse widths （1-9 ms） were stimulated. The threshold amplitude and electric charge to elicit a blink was compared between different waveforms and different parameters. Secondly, a FES system was constructed to treat six surgically induced unilateral FNP rabbit chosen in the twenty-four rabbits, it consisted by an electromyogram （EMG） amplifier module which record the EMG of the healthy muscle, and a stimulator which received the EMG input and output a pulse train stimulation when triggered by the EMG. Results When the carrier frequency of the pulse train was 25 Hz,it was not able to induce a smooth blink. However, when the carrier frequencies were 50 Hz and 100 Hz, a smooth blink could be induced. The voltage required by 100 Hz was lower than 50 Hz, but it cost more electric charge. The amplitude that square waveforms required was far lower than sine and triangle, but the electric charge between the three waveforms was similar. Synchronous blink could be restored in the six unilateral FNP rabbits with the FES system. Conclusions To elicit a blink, square pulse train delivered in 50 Hz is a preferable option. The motion of the healthy eyelids as a source of information for stimulation of the paralyzed sides can restore the synchronous blink in unilateral FNP rabbits.

关 键 词：面神经麻痹 电刺激 眨眼 兔 

分 类 号：R745.12[医药卫生—神经病学与精神病学]