舟山海域东方小藤壶的入侵与影响分析  

The invasion and its impact for the spread of Chthamalus challengeri in Zhoushan sea area

作　　者：刘艳[1] 吴惠仙[1] 薛俊增[1] 

机构地区：[1]上海海洋大学省部共建水产种质资源发掘与利用教育部重点实验室,上海201306

出　　处：《水产学报》2014年第7期1047-1055,共9页Journal of Fisheries of China

基　　金：国家海洋公益性行业科研专项(2013418027);上海市科委项目(11dz1205000);上海市教委重点学科建设项目(J50701)

摘　　要：为防控舟山海域外来物种入侵、保护生态安全及生物资源,2010年及2012年在舟山海域共设置11个潮间带采样点,开展外来物种调查。2010年在舟山海域采集到小藤壶属的疑似外来种,形态分析显示该种壳口呈菱形,有突出关节脊,基底膜质,大颚有4齿,小颚缺刻清晰,触须方圆呈片状,据其形态特征鉴定为东方小藤壶。COⅠ序列的分析结果显示,舟山海域所采集的小藤壶属疑似外来种与东方小藤壶的种群遗传距离为0.994%,系统树分析结果显示该种与东方小藤壶聚为一支系,分支支持率为100%。综合形态和分子2方面的证据,确定该疑似外来种为东方小藤壶,根据文献检索和此海域的历年调查结果分析其为舟山海域的外来物种。2010年在11个样点中,仅有6个样点采集到东方小藤壶,密度在(6±2)^(28±11)个/m2;2012年,东方小藤壶在舟山海域11个样点中均有分布,且密度大幅增长,原有6个样点的密度为(55±8)^(39 533±6 243)个/m2,新出现的5个样点的密度为(16±4)^(20 000±4 000)个/m2。结果显示,舟山海域东方小藤壶目前在新的栖息地中已成功定殖并扩散,成为舟山海域的外来入侵种。To prevent and control the invasion of non-indigenous species, meanwhile, to protect ecological security and biological resources in Zhoushan sea area, we set up 11 sampling sites to investigate the biodiversity of intertidal organisms in 2010 and 2012 ,respectively. The study collected a species of barnacle in Yangshan deep water port for the first time in 2010. This species has a rhombic aperture,prominent joint ridge and membranous basis. We could accurately identify the species as Chthamalus challengeri by its four teeth of mandible, legible incision of maxillule and quadrate sheet cirrus. The genetic distances and population genetic structure of C. challengeri were investigated using mitochondrial cytochrome C oxidase subunit I （ CO I ） gene sequences. The population genetic distance of samples collected from Zhoushan sea area and CO I sequences downloaded from NCBI is 0. 994%, which shows a great possibility for the new species from Zhoushan sea area to be the species of C. challengeri. The result of Neighbor-Joining tree showed the same verdict with population genetic distance result, which provides corroborative evidence for the identification of the new species from Zhoushan sea area. The results of ecology survey showed that C. challengeri were collected in minority area of Zhoushan from Yangshan deep water port, Shengsi, Qushan, Daishan and Zhujiajian,and the density of it ranged from （6± 2）to（28 ±11 ）ind./m2. In 2012, we could collect it from all the sampling sites of Zhoushan archipelago, the densities for the 6 sampling sites which had collected C. challengeri in 2010 ranged from（55 ± 8）to（39 533 ±6 243 ）ind./m2 in 2012. The densities of other 5 sampling sites ranged from（ 16± 4）to（20 000 ±4 000）ind./m2. This study elaborates the research status of C. challengeri as a non-indigenous species in Zhoushan sea area from various angles of its biological characteristics, population historic distribution area,introduced geschichte and spread status.

关 键 词：东方小藤壶 外来种 入侵 洋山深水港 舟山海域 

分 类 号：Q146[生物学—生态学] S917.4[生物学—普通生物学]