三种心理服务模式下心理从业人员构成分析  

Composition Analysis of Practitioners in Three Psychological Service Models

作　　者：马学尧[1] 张琳[2] 魏虹[3] 余萍[4] 

机构地区：[1]华中科技大学同济医学院附属同济医院神经内科,武汉430030 [2]北京理工大学人文与社会科学学院应用心理学研究所,北京100081 [3]浙江传媒学院心理健康与生命教育中心,杭州310018 [4]华中科技大学同济医学院附属精神卫生中心武汉市心理医院,武汉430013

出　　处：《神经损伤与功能重建》2014年第4期273-276,共4页Neural Injury and Functional Reconstruction

基　　金：国家科技支撑计划项目(No.2009BAI77B07)

摘　　要：目的:了解我国学校、医院及社会机构中心理咨询和心理治疗从业人员的构成。方法:采样分层方便取样,选取华东、中南、西北三地区的学校、医院以及社会机构中心理从业人员进行半结构式调查,得到600份有效问卷。结果:我国心理从业人员男女性别比例约为1∶2.15,平均年龄(36.60±7.74)岁。专业背景以医学背景最多,其次为心理学背景。55.3%的从业人员为本科学历,25.5%为硕士;中级职称(36.25%)最多,37.2%无职称;收入以中等收入为主。77.2%的从业人员持有心理咨询师职业资格证书,54.3%为兼职;社会机构类从业人员91.1%有证书,43.5%为兼职。从业人员近一年接受继续教育的平均次数为2.7次,平均为51.9 h,社会机构类从业人员近一年继续教育时间最多。63.2%的从业人员工作有督导,其中督导师占15.5%,社会机构类中比例最低。结论:我国心理卫生行业近年来发展迅速,心理学背景人员增多,学历水平有较大提升,但相对西方发达国家水平仍然较低。三种不同类型的机构的从业人员水平不一,医院类相对较高,社会机构类相对较低。我国心理卫生行业的培训与督导系统不完善,应加强对从业人员的培训与督导,尤其是对于社会机构类从业人员。Objective： To investigate the composition of psychological counseling and psychotherapy practitioners in schools, hospitals, and other social organizations in China. Methods： Six hundred practitioners in schools, hospitals, and other social organizations in the east part, central-south part, northwest part of China were investi- gated by a semi-structured questionnaire. Results： The male to female ratio of the practitioners in China was 1 ： 2.15, the average age was （36.60＋7.74） years. The majority of the practitioners had a medical degree and a psychology degree. 55.3% of them had Bachelor degree, and 25.5% had Master＇s degrees. 36.25% of the practi- tioners had intermediate grade title, and 37.2% did not have a title. Most of the practitioners were middle-income earners. 77.2% of the practitioners obtained professional qualification certificates. 54.3% were part-time practitioners. 91.1% of the practitioners from social organizations had certificates, and 43.5% of them were part-time workers. In the recent years, the average number of receiving the continuing education was 2.7, with an average of 51.9 hours, while practitioners in social organizations had the longest education time. 63.2% of the practitioners were supervised, 15.5% of them were supervisors. Conclusion： The number of practitioners with a psychology background has increased, but the development level in China is still lower than that in the Western countries. There is a great difference among three different types of mental health organizations. The practitioners in hospitals have well been trained whereas those in social organizations are still in need of training and supervision. The mental health industry in China faces big tasks, especially in training and supervision system.

关 键 词：心理服务模式 从业人员 构成分析 

分 类 号：R741[医药卫生—神经病学与精神病学] R749[医药卫生—临床医学]