从个体心理到人际互动——航天任务中的心理学问题  

Psychological Issues in Human Spaceflight: From Individual Psychology to Human Interactions

作　　者：王雅[1] 吴瑞林[1] 周荣刚[2] 

机构地区：[1]北京航空航天大学心理与行为研究所,北京100191 [2]北京航空航天大学经济管理学院,北京100191

出　　处：《心理科学进展》2014年第8期1338-1349,共12页Advances in Psychological Science

基　　金：北京航空航天大学基本科研业务费(YWF-13-JQCJ-017);北京高等学校"青年英才计划"资助;国家自然科学基金项目(31271100)

摘　　要：航天任务通常在极端环境下完成,隔离、单调、高工作压力、失重等诸多因素会对航天员心理产生不利影响,既影响个体的情绪、认知能力和精神健康,也影响航天员之间及其与地面人员间的互动。真实载人飞行任务与模拟环境的有关心理学研究成果,对选拔和训练航天员、加强航天任务监控和保障、任务后再适应有重要指导意义。结合我国建立长期有人空间站计划,未来可在中长期航天任务对心理的影响、中国文化背景下的人际互动,以及行为观测技术等方面进行拓展。Manned spaceflight operates under extreme environmental conditions. Isolation, monotony, a heavy workload and weightlessness in space influence each individual mental experience, including the emotional state, cognitive ability and the mental health of astronauts. Meanwhile, interpersonal interactions among astronauts or between astronauts and mission control personnel will also have an effect. The current review analyzes many psychological studies conducted on real space missions, analogue and simulation experiments. The results from such studies have had a significant effect on selection and training, as well as with in-flight support and post-flight readjustment of astronauts. In considering the long-term manned space station project and lunar exploration program of China, future studies need to focus on mental issues in long-duration spaceflight, the characteristics of human interactions within Chinese culture, and finally the use of measurement methods for behavioral observation and expression identification.

关 键 词：航天心理学 航天员心理 极端环境 人际互动 

分 类 号：B849[哲学宗教—应用心理学]