湖南省某市居民经大米途径镉暴露的风险概率评估  

Probabilistic risk estimation of cadmium exposure via rice consumption in a population from a city of Human province

作　　者：谭淼[1] 许金婵 何爱桃[1] 贺栋梁[1] 让蔚清[1] 

机构地区：[1]南华大学公共卫生学院流行病与卫生统计学系,湖南衡阳421001

出　　处：《中华疾病控制杂志》2014年第8期781-783,共3页Chinese Journal of Disease Control & Prevention

基　　金：国家863项目(2012AA063501);南华大学人文社科委托研究课题(2011XWT05;2012XWT06;2011XWT04);南华大学"十二五"校级重点实验室经费资助

摘　　要：目的了解湖南省某市市售大米中的镉含量,预测当地居民经大米暴露镉的致癌与非致癌风险概率。方法采用分层抽样并以在当地市场模拟购买的方式收集大米样品70件;利用石墨炉原子吸收光谱法检测样品中的镉含量;结合当地居民食物消费数据、应用Crystal Ball软件对镉暴露水平进行致癌及非致癌风险概率模拟。结果该市样品中大米镉含量均未超标,平均值为(0.073±0.054)mg/kg。根据风险商计算结果,约5%的该市居民存在非致癌风险,3.52%的存在致癌风险。结论大米镉污染问题不容忽视,针对高暴露人群应进一步加强风险监测与控制,尽可能降低镉暴露危害。Objective To determine the cadmium concentration in rice produced by Hunan province, and to conduct a probabilistic risk assessment on cadmium exposure via rice consumption in the residents. Methods A total of 70 rice samples were collected by the stratified method and the random sampling method. The cadmium level in rice samples were determined by graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry. Based on the data of dietary consumption of rice, a probabilistie risk assessment was conducted by Monte Carlo and Crystal Ball software. Results The contents of cadmium in all samples were lower than the regulated level, with the average concentration of cadmium was （0. 073 ±0. 054） rag/ kg. About 5% of high cadmium exposure people might face the non-carcinogenic risk induced by cadmium exposure while 3.52% of people might undergo higher carcinogenic risk. Conclusions It is necessary to strengthen the risk control and supervision, especially on the high cadmium exposure people, and reduce the health risk of cadmium exposure from rice as far as possible.

关 键 词：镉 蒙特卡罗法 危险性评估 致癌物 

分 类 号：R155.3[医药卫生—营养与食品卫生学]