北川湔江河段“7·10”特大山洪泥石流灾害特征与成因分析  

Characteristics and causes of “7·10” super-huge debris flows in Jian River section of Beichuan

作　　者：刘剑[1,2] 葛永刚[1] 张建强[1] 陈容[1,2] 

机构地区：[1]中国科学院水利部成都山地灾害与环境研究所,中国科学院山地灾害与地表重点实验室,成都610041 [2]中国科学院大学,北京100049

出　　处：《中国水土保持科学》2014年第4期44-50,共7页Science of Soil and Water Conservation

基　　金：中国科学院重点部署项目"泥石流动力过程及其调控模拟"(KZZD-EW-05-01)

摘　　要：以北川湔江河段2013年“7·10”特大山洪泥石流为研究对象，通过分析研究区山地灾害的类型、空间分布、灾害特征、成灾模式、控制因素等，研究“7·10”特大山洪泥石流灾害特征与成因。结果表明：1）丰富的物源和强降雨是本次群发性山地灾害的主要成因，灾害规模以中小型为主，空间分布表现出一定的群发性，灾害链效应明显；2）与其他地区相比，研究区内泥石流密度较低，分布在1．69～1．91g／cm^3之间，大部分属过渡型泥石流，震后泥石流流量放大效应明显，震后泥石流流量约为震前泥石流流量的1．9～8．5倍。为减轻山地灾害，针对本次灾害特征和破坏模式，提出相应的建议。This paper took the ＂7.10＂ super-huge debris flows in Jian River section of Beichuan as the research object, analyzed the disaster types, spatial distribution, disaster characteristics, disaster mode and controlling factors. The results showed that： 1 ） rich provenance and heavy rainfall were the main causes to the disasters which were characterized by clustered spatial distribution and obvious chain effects, and the scales were mainly small or medium; 2） compared with other regions, debris flows had low densities ranging from 1.69 - 1.91 g/cm^3 , and they were mainly transitional types. The debris flows also had a significant amplification effect, and the rates of flow were 1.9 - 8.5 times that of pre - earthquake. Finally, given the characteristics and failure mode of disasters, some suggestions are proposed in order to relieve mountain hazards.

关 键 词：群发性 泥石流 山洪 湔江 北川 

分 类 号：K903[历史地理—人文地理学]