去调节后远视性光学离焦对幼年豚鼠眼球发育过程的影响  

The influence of minus lens.induced defocus on emmetropization in guinea pigs withoutaccommodation

作　　者：杨诗琪[1] 李文涛[1] 陈英[1,2] 徐青林[1,2] 林丽霞[1,2] 廖韵如[1,2] 李晓柠[2] 杨智宽[1,2] 

机构地区：[1]眼科学国家重点实验室中山大学中山眼科中心,广州510060 [2]爱尔眼科医院集团中南大学爱尔眼科学院,长沙410015

出　　处：《中华眼视光学与视觉科学杂志》2014年第6期335-338,344,共5页Chinese Journal Of Optometry Ophthalmology And Visual Science

基　　金：国家自然科学基金（81170871）

摘　　要：目的研究去调节后豚鼠眼球对不同离焦信号的识别及其对眼球发育过程的影响。方法实验研究。将120只1周龄体重约100g幼年豚鼠按离焦程度及调节随机分为6组（初始每组20只．最终参与数据分析保留调节未离焦组为20只，其余名组均为15只）：保留调节未离焦组、去调节未离焦组、一2D离焦组、一4D离焦组、一6D离焦组、一8D离焦组（所有离焦组均为双眼去调节后戴镜，保留调节组使用生理盐水点眼，去调节组使用1％阿托品滴眼液点眼，均为每天1次）。此外另取5只相同批次豚鼠予以左眼去调节、右眼保留调节处理后跟踪测量对比双眼瞳孔直径变化，以观察睫状肌麻痹效果。实验开始前3d予1％阿托品滴眼液点双眼以达到睫状肌麻痹效果完全后双眼配戴镜片．保留调节组使用生理盐水点眼作为对照。于实验开始后当天和实验开始3周后分别检测其角膜曲率半径、屈光度以及眼轴长度变化，结果取右眼数据。数据分析采用独立样本t检验、方差分析、相关分析、回归分析以及重复测量分析。结果2个未离焦组间的各项眼球发育参数变化值相近，差异无统计学意义。所有离焦组内角膜曲率半径变化值的差异均无统计学意义。去调节后豚鼠屈光度均向远视度数减少的方向发展．但相对于去调节未离焦组，所有离焦组均产生了相对性近视，且差异均有统计学意义（B8．826，P〈0.01）；同时随着离焦程度的增加，相对性近视以及眼轴增长的幅度也随之增大。去调节未离焦组、轻中度去调节离焦组（-2D、4D）分别与高度去调节离焦组（-8D）对比，它们之间的屈光变化值及眼轴变化值的差异有统计学意义。结论与去调节未离焦组比较，远视性光学离焦使去调节的幼年豚鼠形成相对性近视，其幅度随离焦程度增大而增加，相对性近视与离焦程度之间存在相Objective To investigate the effect of lens-induced defocus on emmetropization in guinea pigs that lack accommodation. Methods One hundred twenty pigmented guinea pigs with complete cycloplegia （7 days after birth, except for group I） were randomly assigned to 6 groups. At the start of the study, 20 guinea pigs for each group. In the final data analyses, 15 for all groups except for group 1 with 20. The groups were divided as follows： I： no lens, with physiological saline eye drops （qd, OU, control group）; II： no lens, with 1% atropine eye drops （qd, OU, which caused cycloplegia）. III/ IV/ V/ VI： -2/-4/-6/-8 D lenses with 1% atropine eye drops, OU. Refraction （mean spherical equivalent [MSE]）, axial length and corneal curvature of the fight eyes were measured on day 1 and day 21. Another 5 pigmented guinea pigs were used to measure the effect of eycloplegia on pupil size （OS： 1% atropine eye drops, qd. OD： physiological saline eye drops, qd）. Statistical analysis was performed with linear correlation, linear regression, an independent samples t test and ANOYA. Results There were no significant differences in all data between the two non-de focus groups. The development of corneal curvature was similar among imposed defocus groups. All defocus groups showed relative myopic refractive errors. There were significant differences between the imposed defocus groups and non-defocus group II. With the increase in relative myopic refractive errors, there was a further elongation in axial length. Between the defocus groups, III and IV were significantly different from VI for both refractive error and axial length. Conclusion Axial elongation and relative myopia are observed in lens-induced developing eyes that lack accommodation. Both axial elongation and myopia increase with an increase in imposed defocus. Thus, at least in guinea pigs, developing eyes are able to grow to compensate for various degrees of imposed defocus even when accommodation is lacking.

关 键 词：近视 远视性离焦 对焦生长 正视化 调节 眼 模型 动物 

分 类 号：R778.11[医药卫生—眼科]