风沙流对列车车窗玻璃破坏能力的试验测试  

Experiment test of wind-sand flow destruction to train tempered glass

作　　者：许良中[1] 梁习锋[1] 刘堂红[1] 王中钢[1] 

机构地区：[1]中南大学交通运输工程学院轨道交通安全教育部重点实验室,湖南长沙410075

出　　处：《中南大学学报（自然科学版）》2014年第7期2489-2495,共7页Journal of Central South University:Science and Technology

基　　金：中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金资助项目(2011QNZT067);铁道部科技研究开发计划项目(Z2008-031);湖南省科学技术厅科技计划重点项目(2013GK2001)

摘　　要：基于新疆铁路风区是全世界铁路内陆大风风速最高、风灾最严重的地区之一，加之以铁路沿线沙粒粗大的砾漠地貌，形成的风沙流使车窗玻璃破损情况严重，是影响列车大风期间行车安全的重要问题之一，通过试验手段将风载荷和沙粒冲击单独作用到车窗玻璃上，最后将这2种载荷耦合加载，对造成列车车窗玻璃破碎的主要原因进行试验分析。研究结果表明：车窗玻璃能承受的瞬态风压和稳态风压分别为69.38 kPa和29.50 kPa，各粒径等级沙粒能够击碎车窗玻璃的速度与粒径呈幂函数关系，幂约为-0.71；当风沙耦合作用时，车窗玻璃所承受的4 kPa环境风压使沙粒击碎玻璃的速度减小6%-7%，最终确定致使车窗玻璃破碎的主要原因是沙粒冲击而非风压载荷，且在风区恶劣风环境下，危险的粒径范围为5-6 mm。本研究对制定有效的风沙防护改进措施、形成保障车窗玻璃安全的行车指挥方案具有一定意义。The wind speed in the area of Xinjiang railway is the highest in the world＇＇＇＇s inland, and the gravel desert along the railway and the wind-sand flow which breaks the window glass seriously was formed, and is one of the most important problems which influence the safety of the train. By inventing the experiment equipments, the main reason for the damage of the window glass was found. The results show that the transient state and static pressure that the window glass can stand are 69.38 kPa and 29.50 kPa, while the relationship between the sand size and the broken velocity is power function. When the wind and the sand couple together, the speed that the sand needs to brake the glass is 6%-7% less than the speed in the condition without the wind, and the most dangerous size range of the sand is between 5 mm and 6 mm, and so it is the sand impact but not the wind pressure that makes the glass broken. This research can help to take the effective protective measures.

关 键 词：车窗玻璃 风沙流 风压载荷 沙粒冲击 

分 类 号：U270.1[机械工程—车辆工程]