氮肥基追比例及追施时期对马铃薯干物质积累分配及产量的影响  

Effects of Ratio of Nitrogen Basal and Topdressing and Application Time on Dry Matter Accumulation and Distribution and Tuber Yield of Potato

作　　者：王弘[1] 孙磊[1] 梁杰 李功义 石瑛[3] 毕诗婷 李明月[1] 

机构地区：[1]东北农业大学资源与环境学院,哈尔滨150030 [2]大兴安岭地区农林科学院,黑龙江加格达奇165000 [3]东北农业大学农学院,哈尔滨150030

出　　处：《中国农学通报》2014年第24期224-230,共7页Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin

基　　金：973前期课题"马铃薯高产及资源高效利用的理论基础"(2012CB126307);国家科技支撑项目"东北地区马铃薯标准化;机械化生产技术集成与示范"(2012BAD06B02)

摘　　要：马铃薯在不同生育时期的氮素供应状况可通过马铃薯营养体和收获器官的生长而影响块茎产量和品质。通过小区试验研究相同施氮水平下氮肥追施时期及追施比例对马铃薯中晚熟品种‘克新13号’干物质积累分配及产量的影响。试验表明,N 180 kg/hm2用量条件下,块茎形成末期追施1/2氮,获得最高产量38.1 t/hm2,与形成初期和膨大初期2次追肥的处理相比,产量提高14.1%(P<0.05),收获指数提高16.7%(P<0.05);与块茎形成初期追施3/5氮的处理相比,商品薯率提高4.4%(P<0.05)。块茎膨大初期追肥或块茎形成末期追施占总氮量67%氮肥,会降低块茎干物质含量(P<0.05),但不影响块茎比重。研究还表明,在基肥中有适量氮供应的条件下,氮肥追施时期对产量和品质的影响比基追比例更大。Nitrogen application at different growth stages of potato will have effect on tuber yield and quality byinfluencing the vine growth and tuber development. A plot experiment was carried out to study the effects ofnitrogen（N） fertilizer application time and application ratio of basal and topdressing on dry matteraccumulation and distribution in potato plant, as well as tuber yield. As the experiment material, cultivar‘KX13＇was grown at N application level（180 kg/hm2）. The results demonstrated that the treatment with applying1/2 of all N at the end of tuber formation stage obtained the highest yield（38.1 t/hm2）, compared with applyingat the early tuber formation stage and the early tuber bulking stage, tuber yield increased by 14.1%（P〈0.05）,harvest index increased by 16.7%（P〈0.05）. Compared with applying 3/5 of all N at the early tuber formationstage, marketable tuber ratio increased by 4.4%（P〈0.05）. The results also demonstrated that dressing N at theearly tuber bulking stage or applying 67% of all N at the end of tuber formation stage could decrease the drymatter content of tuber（P〈0.05）, but could decrease specific gravity slightly. The suitable N fertilizerapplicationratio of basal and topdressing could influencetheyieldand quality of tuberlargely.

关 键 词：马铃薯 氮肥基追比例 追肥时期 干物质 产量 

分 类 号：S532[农业科学—作物学] S143.1