南朝太学考辨  

Textual Research on the Imperial Colleges in the Southern Dynasties

作　　者：杨恩玉[1] 

机构地区：[1]山东社会科学院历史研究所,山东济南250002

出　　处：《南京晓庄学院学报》2014年第3期17-22,123,共6页Journal of Nanjing Xiaozhuang University

基　　金：山东省社会科学规划项目"萧梁政治制度研究"(11CLSZ02)

摘　　要：对于南朝太学,学者们有以下四种不同观点:一、南朝有太学;二、南朝无太学;三、南朝时只有陈朝有太学;四、"南朝‘太学’与‘国学’为一校二名,实际是指同一所学校"。第一种观点是可取的。首先,不能由《建康实录》的记载,得出太学并入国子学的结论。相反,《建康实录》的记载明确显示,国子学与太学相距四里二百六十步,是两所各自独立的学校。其次,南朝有关太学生、太学实体及其内部教学活动的记载,足以证实太学的存在。再次,在中国古代,学校教育是国家建设的一项首要任务;魏晋南北朝时期,传统的太学作为一项"传世共守的制度"成为官学的首选。宋、齐、梁、陈四朝顺利接替前朝政权的同时,承袭了太学机构并继续开办下去,几乎不存在停办与重开的问题,所以史书没有南朝太学废立的有关记载。For the Imperial Colleges in the Sothern Dynasties,there are four different views: first,there existed Imperial Colleges at that time; second,no Imperial Colleges can be found at that time; third,only Chen Dynasty has Imperial College; fourth,Imperial College and National College are the same institution with different names.The first view is desirable for the following reasons. Firstly,according to Jiankang Records,the Imperial College and the National College are separate schools for they are four miles away from each other. Secondly,there are records about students and internal teaching activities from the Imperial College. Thirdly,the school education is a primary task of nation-building in ancient China,and the traditional Imperial College becomes the first choice for government schools as a successive dynasties heritage system during Southern and Northern Dynasties. Song,Qi,Liang and Chen Dynasties peacefully took over the former regime and inherited the Imperial College institutions and kept the school running. There are no records on closing or re-opening of Imperial Colleges in Southern Dynasties.

关 键 词：南朝 太学 建立时间 

分 类 号：K239.1[历史地理—历史学]