3种重要储粮害虫成虫筛检方法研究  

RESEARCH ON SIEVING METHODS OF THREE KINDS OF IMPORTANT STORED GRAIN INSECT ADULTS

作　　者：白旭光[1] 刘浩[1] 王文铎[1] 

机构地区：[1]河南工业大学粮油食品学院,河南郑州450001

出　　处：《河南工业大学学报（自然科学版）》2014年第4期39-43,49,共6页Journal of Henan University of Technology：Natural Science Edition

基　　金：国家高技术研究发展计划(863计划)项目(2012AA101705-2)

摘　　要：利用谷物选筛对小麦、玉米和稻谷中3种储粮害虫进行筛检,研究在不同筛动频率、筛动时间、筛动方式、筛孔直径的条件下,粮食样品中玉米象、谷蠹和赤拟谷盗的筛出率.结果表明,筛选无虫蚀粒的小麦时,选用筛孔直径为2.5 mm的上层筛和1.5 mm的下层筛,筛动频率为120r/min,小麦样品一次筛,筛动时间60 s,或小麦样品分两次筛,每次的筛动时间为20 s,两种方式均可达到100%的筛出率;筛选无虫蚀粒的玉米时,选用筛孔直径为3.5 mm的上层筛和1.5 mm的下层筛,筛动频率为120 r/min,一次筛,筛动时间为20 s,回旋筛动和左右筛动均可达到100%的筛出率;筛选无虫蚀粒的稻谷时,选用筛孔直径为2.5 mm的上层筛和1.5 mm的下层筛,筛动频率为120 r/min,分两次筛,每次筛动时间为20 s,筛检稻谷中的玉米象时采用回旋筛动,筛检稻谷中的谷蠹和赤拟谷盗时,两种筛检方式都可以.对于有虫蚀粒的小麦、玉米、稻谷来说,在筛检玉米象时,在筛动的过程中静置30 s,玉米象从粮粒内爬出,有助于筛出粮粒内的玉米象,便于准确地统计储粮中玉米象的密度;对于筛检粮粒内的谷蠹,静置对筛检效果不明显.Three kinds of stored grain insects（Sitophilus zeamais Motschulsky,Rhizopertha dominica（Fabricius）,Tribolium castaneum Herbst） were screened by using grain sieves;and the sieving rates of the three kinds of insects in the grain samples were determined at different sieving frequencies,sieving time,sieving manners,and mesh diameters. The results indicated that the intact wheat sample could be sieved 100% by using an upper sieve with mesh diameter of 2.5 mm and a lower sieve with mesh diameter of 1.5 mm under the conditions of sieving frequency 120 r/min and sieving time 60 seconds or sieving twice and each 20 seconds;the intact maize sample can be sieved 100% by using an upper sieve with mesh diameter of 3.5 mm and a lower sieve with mesh diameter of 1.5 mm under the conditions of sieving frequency 120 r/min,sieving once for 20 seconds,rotary sieving or left-right sieving;and the intact paddy sample could be sieved by using an upper sieve with mesh diameter of 2.5 mm and a lower sieve with mesh diameter of 1.5 mm under the conditions of sieving frequency120 r/min and sieving twice and each 20 seconds,wherein rotary sieving was suitable for sieving Sitophilus zeamais Motschulsky;and rotary sieving and left-right sieving were suitable for sieving Rhizopertha dominica（Fabricius）and Tribolium castaneum Herbst. When sieving grains injured by Sitophilus zeamais Motschulsky,the sieve needed to stand for 30 seconds,and Sitophilus zeamais Motschulsky climbed out from the grain,which was helpful to sieve Sitophilus zeamais Motschulsky and accurately count the density of Sitophilus zeamais Motschulsky;however,standing was not effective in sieving Rhizopertha dominica.

关 键 词：小麦 玉米 稻谷 玉米象 谷蠹 赤拟谷盗 筛检 

分 类 号：S379.5[农业科学—农产品加工]