南昌市近60年城市气象灾害变化特征分析  

Variation Characteristics of Urban Meteorological Disasters over the Past 60 Years in Nanchang

作　　者：汪如良 吴凡 刘志萍 徐芳 

机构地区：[1]江西省气象服务中心,江西南昌330046 [2]江西水利职业学院,江西南昌330013

出　　处：《气象与减灾研究》2014年第2期44-49,共6页Meteorology and Disaster Reduction Research

基　　金：江西省气象科技创新基金课题"城市化进程对大气环境影响的评估研究"

摘　　要：利用南昌站1953—2012年气候资料及城市发展信息,分析了南昌城市气象灾害变化特征。结果表明,城市气象灾害年代际变化特征明显,受城市化影响越来越大。南昌市暴雨日数存在2—4 a的振荡周期。近10 a以来暴雨日数明显减少,但城市短时强降水频数增加,暴雨强度较大。年雷暴日数呈现下降趋势,存在2—4 a的周期振荡,雷电频次和强度有所增加。城市大风主要发生在春、冬季,且日数明显减少。大雾在20世纪50—80年代呈现增多趋势,但在近20 a呈现减少的趋势;霾明显增多。高温日的年代际变化差异较大,危害性高温日数减少,存在10 a左右的振荡周期。Based on the climate data and urban development information data during 1953-2012 in Nanchang,the variations of urban meteorological disasters are analyzed. The results show that over the past 60 years in Nanchang,the urban meteorological disasters vary decadally,which are impacted by urbanization obviously. Urban rainstorm presents 2-4 a periodic oscillation,mainly occurs in April to July. In recent 10 years,the number of storm days reduces significantly;however,the frequency of short-heavy precipitation increases with larger intensity of rainfall. The number of thunderstorm days decreases and presents 2-4 a periodic oscillation,and lightning frequency and intensity increase. The strong wind days decrease obviously,which mainly occur in spring and winter. Fog days during the 1950-1990 show an increasing trend,but in recent 20 years it presents a decreasing trend. Haze days increase severely. There is a large difference among the inter-decadal variations of high-temperature days,and the days of extreme high-temperature decrease,which present an approximate 10-year periodic oscillation.

关 键 词：气象灾害 城市化 变化趋势 周期 

分 类 号：P463.3[天文地球—大气科学及气象学]