节水灌溉对稻田节肢动物群落结构及动态的影响  

Effects of Water-saving Irrigation on Community Structure and Dynamics of Arthropod Community in Paddy Fields

作　　者：罗玉峰[1] 付浩龙 白凯华 彭世彰[1] 顾宏 熊玉江[1] 李江安 

机构地区：[1]河海大学水文水资源与水利工程科学国家重点实验室,南京210098 [2]长江科学院农业水利研究所,武汉430010 [3]江苏省高邮市水务局,江苏高邮225600

出　　处：《灌溉排水学报》2014年第4期338-342,共5页Journal of Irrigation and Drainage

基　　金："十二五"国家科技支撑计划课题(2011BAD25B07;2012BAD08B04);水利部公益性行业科研专项经费项目(201301014);江苏高校优秀科技创新团队项目

摘　　要：以传统淹水灌溉为对照,研究了2012—2013年高邮灌区水稻控制灌溉技术对稻田节肢动物群落结构和动态的影响。结果表明,控制灌溉稻田节肢动物群落组成为3纲9目26科41种,常规灌溉为3纲9目31科47种;不同灌溉模式下,节肢动物亚群落所占丰富度比例由高到低依次均为捕食性天敌、害虫、寄生性天敌和中性昆虫;控制灌溉节肢动物群落Pielou均匀度和Shannon-Wiener多样性指数整体均大于常规灌溉,节肢动物群落分布均匀且变化较稳定;控制灌溉稻田中,除黑尾叶蝉外,其余主要害虫褐飞虱、白背飞虱和稻丛卷叶螟数量整体上均小于常规灌溉。控制灌溉能够有效地降低害虫数量,防止害虫的爆发。To investigate the effects of water-saving irrigation on community structure and dynamics of arthropod community in paddy fields, field experiments from 2012 to 2013 were conducted in Gaoyou irrigation district with the traditional flooded irrigation as the control treatment. The results showed that the arthropod community in controlled irrigation fields consisted of 3 classes, 9 orders, 26 families and 41 species while the arthropod community in the flooded irrigation consisted of 3 classes, 9 orders, 31 families and 47 species. Under different irrigation modes, the orders of the sub-communities richness of arthropods from high to low were both that predatory natural enemies, pests, parasitism natural enemies and neutral insects. The Pielou evenness and Shannon-Wiener diversity index of arthropod community in controlled irrigation fields were higher than those in flooded irrigation fields, which indicated that the arthropod community in controlled irrigation fields distributed evenly and fluctuated slightly. In the controlled irrigation fields, except Nephotettix cincticeps Uhler, the numbers of Nilaparvata lugens, Sogatella furcifera and Cnaphalocrocis medinalis Guenee were lower than those in flooded irrigation fields. Controlled irrigation technology could effectively reduce pest number to prevent the outbreak of pests.

关 键 词：节水灌溉 生态灌区 节肢动物 群落结构 稻田生态系统 

分 类 号：S275[农业科学—农业水土工程] S181[农业科学—农业工程]