减量施氮对玉米-大豆套作体系土壤氮素残留和氮肥损失的影响  

Effect of reduced N application on soil N residue and N loss in maize-soybean relay strip intercropping system

作　　者：刘小明[1] 雍太文[1] 刘文钰[1] 苏本营[1] 宋春[1,2] 杨峰[1] 王小春[1] 杨文钰[1] 

机构地区：[1]四川农业大学农学院农业部西南作物生理生态与耕作重点实验室,成都611130 [2]四川农业大学资源环境学院生态环境研究所,成都611130

出　　处：《应用生态学报》2014年第8期2267-2274,共8页Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(31271669;31201169);国家公益性行业(农业)科研专项(201203096)资助

摘　　要：通过田间试验,研究了玉米单作、大豆单作、玉米-大豆套作3种种植模式和不施氮、减量施氮(180 kg N·hm-2)、常量施氮(240 kg N·hm-2)3种施氮水平对玉米和大豆植株氮素吸收、土壤氮素残留和氮肥损失的影响.结果表明:玉米-大豆套作体系下,施氮提高了玉米土壤中残留的NO3--N、NH4+-N含量,但在大豆土壤中则降低.与单作相比,玉米套作的土壤氮素残留量增加,氮肥损失量降低,大豆套作的土壤氮素残留量和氮肥损失量均降低.减量施氮处理下,玉米-大豆套作系统的氮肥残留率、损失率和氨挥发损失率分别比玉米单作低17.7%、21.5%和0.4%,比大豆单作高2.0%、19.8%和0.1%.与常量施氮相比,减量施氮降低了玉米-大豆套作系统的氮肥残留量、残留率、损失量和损失率,同时还降低了由氨挥发所引起的氮肥损失,其中氮肥残留率、损失率和氨挥发损失率分别降低12.0%、15.4%和1.2%.A field experiment was conducted in 2012, including three planting pattern （maize- soybean relay strip intercropping, mono-cuhured maize and soybean） and three nitrogen application level [0 kg N·hm^-2, 180 kg N ·hm^-2（reduced N） and 240 kg N·hm^-2（normal N） ]. Fields were assigned to different treatments in a randomized block design with three replicates. The objec- tive of this work was to analyze the effects of planting patterns and nitrogen application rates on plant N uptake, soil N residue and N loss. After fertilization applications, NH4 ＋-N and NO3--N levels in- creased in the soil of intercropped maize but decreased in the soil of intercropped soybean. Com- pared with mono-crops, the soil N residue and loss of intercropped soybean were reduced, while those of intercropped maize were increased and decreased, respectively. With the reduced rate of N application, N residue rate, N loss rate and ammonia volatilization loss rate of the maize-soybean intercropping relay strip system were decreased by 17.7%, 21.5% and 0.4% compared to mono- cultured maize, but increased by 2.0%, 19.8% and 0.1% compared to mono-cultured soybean, respectively. Likewise, the reduced N application resulted in reductions in N residue, N loss, and the N loss via ammonia volatilization in the maize-soybean relay strip intercropping system compared with the conventional rate of N application adopted by local farmers, and the N residue rate, N loss rate and ammonia volatilization loss rate reduced by 12.0% , 15.4% and 1.2%, respectively.

关 键 词：玉米-大豆套作 减量施氮 氮素残留 氮肥损失 氨挥发 

分 类 号：S513[农业科学—作物学] S565.1