祁连山高寒灌丛苔藓持水性能  

Water holding capacity of mosses under alpine shrubs in Qilian Mountains

作　　者：刘章文[1,2,3] 陈仁升[1,2] 宋耀选[1,2] 韩春坛[1,2] 

机构地区：[1]中国科学院寒区旱区环境与工程研究所黑河上游生态一水文试验研究站,甘肃兰州730000 [2]中国科学院内陆河流域生态水文重点实验室,甘肃兰州730000 [3]中国科学院大学,北京100049

出　　处：《干旱区地理》2014年第4期696-703,共8页Arid Land Geography

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目“黑河高寒灌丛生态水文效应研究”(91125013),“黑河寒区水文过程小流域综合过程与模拟”(91025011)

摘　　要：苔藓层的持水性能是衡量林地蓄水能力大小的重要指标，对森林生态水文过程的研究极为重要。以祁连山南坡高寒灌丛苔藓层为研究对象，采用野外与室内实验相结合的方法，对苔藓层持水性能进行了研究。结果表明：5种灌丛中，山生柳灌丛苔藓蓄积量最大，依次为鬼箭锦鸡儿、金露梅、高山柳和沙棘灌丛。灌丛苔藓单位面积最大持水量为13790～18980g·m-2，苔藓最大持水率为386．94％～782．51％，表明高寒灌丛苔藓具有很强的吸水性能。苔藓持水量随着浸泡时间的增加而增加，浸泡开始0．5h后苔藓持水量显著增加，12h后趋于稳定，苔藓持水量与浸泡时间呈显著自然对数关系。灌丛苔藓层吸水速率在浸泡2h内急速下降，2～6h内呈缓慢下降，6h后吸水速率趋于饱和，苔藓的吸水速率与浸泡时间呈极显著幂函数关系。研究结果可为高寒山区生态环境保护提供资料，并为流域生态水文模型提供有效参数和经验公式。Water holding capacity of mosses is one of important indicators to measure moisture-holding capacity of woodland, and it plays an important role in studying ecological and hydrological process for forest ecosystem. The re- search on water holding capacity of moss under shrubs is very important and necessary for understanding the impact of hydrological characteristics of moss and revealing the mechanism of hydrological function of moss due to wide- spread shrubs which account for 68% of the whole forest area of the Qilian Mountains, Gansu Province, China. Based on field and laboratory experiments in August 2012, taken the five typical mosses under alpine shrubs： Potentilla fruticosa, Salix cupularis, Hippophae rhamnoides, Salix oritrepha, and Caragana jubata in the Qilian Mountains as test objects, water holding capacity of mosses under shrubs were investigated and analyzed. The results indicate that the largest stock volume of the mosses is S. oritrepha, followed by P.fruticosa, C.jubata, S. cupularis and H. rham- noides shrub. Shrub vegetation types and structural features are key factors that affect moss stock volume. The maxi- mum water holding capacity per unit area of mosses under shrubs varies from 13 790 g. m-2 to 18 980 g- m-2. The maximum water holding capacity belongs to C.jubata shrub and then followed by H. rhamnoides, S. cupularis, S. oritrepha, and P.fruticosa shrub. The mosses could absorb water that exceeds its own weight from 386.94% to 782.51% times. The maximum water holding rate belongs to P.fruticosa shrub, and then followed by S. oritrepha, 11. rhamnoides, C.jubata and S. cupularis shrub. Mosses under alpine shrub have strong water absorption capacity. Water holding capacity increases with time immersed in water in laboratory experiment. It shows a sharp increasebetween water holding capacity and time immersed in water could be fitted with logarithmical curve. Water absorp- tion rates of mosses decline rapidly in the first 2 hours, and then decrease slowly from 2 to 6 hours; subsequently t

关 键 词：苔藓 灌丛 持水性能 祁连山 

分 类 号：S715[农业科学—林学]