考虑时间谐波电流的永磁同步电机电磁噪声阶次特征分析  

Order feature analysis of electromagnetic noise in a permanent magnet synchronous motor considering current harmonics

作　　者：马琮淦[1] 左曙光[1] 孙庆[1] 孟姝[1] 

机构地区：[1]同济大学新能源汽车工程中心,上海201804

出　　处：《振动与冲击》2014年第15期108-113,125,共7页Journal of Vibration and Shock

基　　金：973计划项目(2011CB711201);国家自然科学基金(51075302)

摘　　要：针对分布式驱动电动汽车主要噪声源-永磁同步电机电磁噪声,通过噪声测试实验测得了电机噪声信号,实验结果表明:电磁噪声具有明显的阶次特征,主要阶次不仅包含了偶数阶、开关频率附近阶次,还包含了大量奇数阶,甚至以往研究中被当做信号毛刺而忽略的分数阶。为解释该实验现象,通过磁势磁导法得到考虑时间谐波电流的气隙磁场分布,应用麦克斯韦张量法获得了电磁径向力波,并沿外转子内表面应用复合柯特斯公式对径向力波积分,求得了具有6阶代数精度的电磁径向集中力,进而应用圆柱壳体理论建立了一种考虑时间谐波电流的永磁同步电机电磁噪声数学预测模型,预测了变频器供电时永磁同步电机电磁噪声的特征阶次:2hi、2hj、2(2μ-1)、(hi±hj)、(2μ-1±hi)、(2μ-1±hj)[hi、hj为时间谐波电流阶次,μ∈N*]。当hi或hj是分数时,电磁噪声将出现分数阶特征频率。经过与实验结果对比,本模型能精确预测和解释永磁同步电机电磁噪声的特征阶次。Aiming at electromagnetic noise in a permanent magnet synchronous motor（ PMSM） as the main noise source of a distributed-drive electric vehicle,firstly,the noise signals of PMSM were measured. The test results showed that the main orders of electromagnetic noise are not only even number orders and the orders in a close vicinity of switching frequency,but also odd number orders and fraction orders ignored as signal burrs in the past. Then,in order to explain the test phenomenon,the air gap magnetic field distribution considering current harmonics was obtained using the way of the magnetomotive multiplied permeance. Radial force wave was obtained with Maxwell＇s tensor method and was transformed to a radial concentrate force with the 6thorder algebraic accuracy using the composite Cotes formula. An analytical model of electromagnetic noise in PMSM considering current harmonics was built. Orders and frequencies of electromagnetic noise were predicted. It was shown that they are 2hi,2hj,2（ 2μ-1）,（ hi± hj）,（ 2μ-1 ±hi） and（ 2μ-1± hj）（ hiand hjare orders of current harmonics,μ∈N^＊）; if hior hjis a fraction,the fraction orders of electromagnetic noise occur; the orders and frequencies of noise of PMSM are accurately predicted with the proposed analytical model.

关 键 词：分布式驱动电动汽车 时间谐波电流 永磁同步电机 电磁噪声 阶次 

分 类 号：U461.4[机械工程—车辆工程] TB533[交通运输工程—载运工具运用工程]